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Open Access |
10.1172/JCI193367
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Wu, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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Tavares, E.
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1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Liang, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Wee, W. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Mennella, V. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Feng, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Cao, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Wong, P. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Zheng, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by He, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Stephenson, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Hanan Hochma, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Li, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by Dell, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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Heon, E.
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1Department of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong
2Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
3Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
4Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
5School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
6Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
7Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
Find articles by LIU, Z. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
Published March 31, 2026 - More info
Cilia are cellular organelles extruding from the surface of various cell types, serving either sensory or motile functions. Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) variants affect both photoreceptor sensory cilia and airway motile cilia, leading to retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), respectively. Not all patients develop PCD, and it remains unclear which RPGR variants predispose patients to PCD. Here, we leverage 2D organoids, super-resolution microscopy, and live-cell imaging to characterize the multiciliated cells (MCCs) from patients with different RPGR variants and CRISPR-modified RPGR KO MCCs. We demonstrate that MCCs with RPGR variants have reduced ciliation, shorter cilia, impaired cilia beat, or cilia beat incoordination, potentially resulting in compromised mucociliary clearance and lung diseases. Moreover, we show that RPGR regulates motile cilia through interfering with F-actin dynamics, evidenced by the undissolved F-actin meshwork in RPGR-deficient MCCs, and the defects can be ameliorated with either Latrunculin A or Y27632 treatment. Though PCD was observed only in patients with variants that affect both isoforms, patients with RPGRORF15 variants also showed cilia and airway anomalies. All RPGR variants affect motile cilia one way or another, and the mechanisms involve the accumulation of apical F-actin.