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ResearchIn-Press PreviewCell biologyReproductive biology
Open Access | 
10.1172/JCI201124
Single-cell analysis of fetal testis reveals dysfunction of human Leydig cells in Klinefelter syndrome
Tong Yan,1 Guancheng Chen,1 Jie Zhang,2 Wenjing Jia,3 Nan Lu,4 Shuping Jin,5 Haotian Zhang,1 Yichen Zhao,1 Lu Jiang,5 Jing Wu,6 Qing Liu,6 Chenghao Situ,1 Hui Zhu,1 Yan Li,7 Quan Wang,3 Xiaoyu Yang,4 Chao Qin,8 Xiaofeng Song,3 Qing Cheng,5 and Xuejiang Guo1
1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Find articles by Yan, T. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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1Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
4State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
6School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
7Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
8Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Published June 9, 2026 - More info
Copyright © 2026, Yan et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Copyright © 2026 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)