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ResearchIn-Press PreviewEndocrinologyMetabolism Open Access | 10.1172/JCI163612

Type 2 diabetes candidate genes, including PAX5, cause impaired insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets

Karl Bacos,1 Alexander Perfilyev,1 Alexandros Karagiannopoulos,1 Elaine Cowan,1 Jones K. Ofori,1 Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty,2 Tina Rönn,1 Andreas Lindqvist,3 Cheng Luan,1 Sabrina Ruhrmann,1 Mtakai Ngara,3 Åsa Nilsson,1 Sevda Gheibi,1 Claire L. Lyons,1 Jens O. Lagerstedt,1 Mohammad Barghouth,1 Jonathan L.S. Esguerra,1 Petr Volkov,1 Malin Fex,1 Hindrik Mulder,4 Nils Wierup,1 Ulrika Krus,1 Isabella Artner,5 Lena Eliasson,1 Rashmi B. Prasad,1 Luis Rodrigo Cataldo,1 and Charlotte Ling1

1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

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4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

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4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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1Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Sweden

3Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

4Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Univerisity, Malmö, Sweden

5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

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Published January 19, 2023 - More info

J Clin Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI163612.
Copyright © 2023, Bacos et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published January 19, 2023 - Version history
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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. To identify candidates contributing to T2D pathophysiology, we studied human pancreatic islets from ~300 individuals. We found 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in islets from individuals with T2D, including, to our knowledge, novel (OPRD1, PAX5, TET1) and previously identified (CHL1, GLRA1, IAPP) candidates. A third of the identified islet expression changes may predispose to diabetes, as they associated with HbA1c in individuals not previously diagnosed with T2D. Most DEGs were expressed in human β-cells based on single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Additionally, DEGs displayed alterations in open chromatin and associated with T2D-SNPs. Mouse knock-out strains demonstrated that T2D-associated candidates regulate glucose homeostasis and body composition in vivo. Functional validation showed that mimicking T2D-associated changes for OPRD1, PAX5, and SLC2A2 impaired insulin secretion. Impairments in Pax5-overexpressing β-cells were due to severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we discovered PAX5 as a potential transcriptional regulator of many T2D-associated DEGs in human islets. Overall, we identified molecular alterations in human pancreatic islets contributing to β-cell dysfunction in T2D pathophysiology.

Graphical Abstract
graphical abstract
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Version history
  • Version 1 (January 19, 2023): In-Press Preview
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