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ResearchIn-Press PreviewHematologyInfectious diseaseVascular biology
Open Access |
10.1172/JCI202285
1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
Find articles by de Sa Pinheiro, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
Find articles by Teixeira, D. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
Find articles by Silva-Aguiar, R. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
Find articles by Burckhardt, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
Find articles by Scharfstein, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
Find articles by McCarty, O. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Rosenthal, P.
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
Find articles by de Sa Pinheiro, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
2Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, United States of America
4Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisuma, Kenya
5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisuma, Kenya
6Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
7Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
8Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
9Department of Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
10UCSF, San Francisco, United States of America
11Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Published July 14, 2026 - More info
Cerebral malaria (CM) from Plasmodium falciparum is a major cause of death in African children. Since bradykinin (BK) is a mediator of vasogenic edema, we hypothesized that it contributes to the pathogenesis of CM in Kenyan children and Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infected C57BL/6J mice in experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Cleaved plasma high molecular weight kininogen (cHK) is a marker for BK release. 40% of children with central nervous system malaria had plasma cHK versus 18% of children with uncomplicated malaria. Wild-type PbA-infected mice with ECM had circulating cHK, elevated BK levels, and reduced HK and prekallikrein activity/antigen levels. HK null (Kng1–/–), combined BK B1 and B2 receptor null (Bdkrb1–/–/Bdkrb2–/–), BK B2 (Bdkrb2–/–) or BK B1 (Bdkrb1–/–) receptor null mice were protected significantly from neurologic deterioration and brain edema compared to wild-type mice. F12–/– mice were not protected from neurological deterioration. Prekallikrein null (Klkb1–/–), prolylcarboxypeptidase hypomorphs (Prcpgt/gt), and brain endothelial cell conditional knockout of PRCP (Prcpfl/fl Cre) mice with ECM had reduced neurologic deterioration and brain edema. Adjuvant plasma kallikrein inhibition combined with artesunate treatment in PbA-infected mice reversed neurologic deterioration and brain edema and significantly prolonged survival over artesunate alone. BK-induced vasogenic edema contributes to human and murine CM.
View Unedited blot and gel images
View Movie S1 - Wild Type PbA - day 5 control for Kng1-/- and Bdkrb1-/-/Bdkrb2-/-
View Movie S2_Kng1 -/- mice day 5 with cerebral malaria
View Movie S3_Combined Bkdkrb1-/-/Bdkrb2 -/- mice with day 5 cerebral malaria
View Movie S4 Wild Type Mice day 5 for Klkb1-/- and C57BL/6j with RZLT7824 with cerebral malaria
View Movie S5 Klkb1-/- day 5 with cerebral malaria
View Movie S6 Wild type mice day 5 with cerebral malaria treated with RZLT7824
View Movie7 Artesunate Rx alone (top) vs Artesunate & RZLT7824 (bottom) Rx - day 6 cerebral malaria