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ResearchIn-Press PreviewGeneticsOncology
Open Access | 
10.1172/JCI195334
Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Fanconi Anemia-Associated Head and Neck Cancer Identify Personalized Therapeutic Strategies
Jennifer Grandis,1 Hua Li,1 Benjamin A. Harrison,2 Andrew L.H. Webster,2 Joanna Pucilowska,3 Austin Nguyen,3 Jinho Lee,3 Gordon B. Mills,3 Jovanka Gencel-Augusto,1 Yan Zeng,1 Steven R. Long,4 Mi-Ok Kim,5 Rex H. Lee,1 David I. Kutler,6 Theresa Scognamiglio,7 Margaret Brandwein-Weber,8 Mark Urken,9 Inna Khodos,10 Elisa de Stanchina,10 Yu-Chien Lin,2 Frank X. Donovan,11 Settara C. Chandrasekharappa,11 Moonjung Jung,2 Mathijs A. Sanders,12 Agata Smogorzewska,2 and Daniel E. Johnson1
1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Kim, M.
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Jung, M.
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
2Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
3Immune Monitoring and Omics Lab, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, United States of America
4Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
6Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
7Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States of America
8Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
9Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, United States of America
10Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
11National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
12Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Published December 16, 2025 - More info
Copyright © 2025, Grandis et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Copyright © 2025 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)