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Axon guidance cue SLIT2 regulates the murine skeletal stem cell niche through sympathetic innervation
Zuoxing Wu, Na Li, Zhengqiong Luo, Zihan Chen, Xuemei He, Jie Han, Xixi Lin, Fan Shi, Haitao Huang, Baohong Shi, Yu Li, Xin Wang, Lin Meng, Dachuan Zhang, Lanfen Chen, Dawang Zhou, Weinan Cheng, Matthew B. Greenblatt, Ren Xu
Zuoxing Wu, Na Li, Zhengqiong Luo, Zihan Chen, Xuemei He, Jie Han, Xixi Lin, Fan Shi, Haitao Huang, Baohong Shi, Yu Li, Xin Wang, Lin Meng, Dachuan Zhang, Lanfen Chen, Dawang Zhou, Weinan Cheng, Matthew B. Greenblatt, Ren Xu
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Research Article Bone biology Neuroscience

Axon guidance cue SLIT2 regulates the murine skeletal stem cell niche through sympathetic innervation

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Abstract

Sympathetic tone is a central signaling axis inhibiting osteogenesis; however, the combination of durable local and systemic sympathetic effects on bone argues that multiple mechanisms, including yet-undiscovered pathways, are involved. Here, we found that sympathetic nerves constituted a component of the skeletal stem cell (SSC) niche: mice with conditional deletion of the classical axonal repellent Slit2 in sympathetic nerves (Slit2th mice), but not in bone stem/progenitor cells or sensory nerves, showed osteopenia due to an increase in sympathetic innervation and an associated decrease in SSCs. Mice with increased skeletal sympathetic innervation displayed impaired SSC niche function in an SSC orthotopic transplantation and engraftment system. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a SLIT2-regulated soluble factor suppressing SSC self-renewal and osteogenic capacity. Accordingly, ablation of Fstl1 in sympathetic neurons enhanced SSC-driven osteogenesis and attenuated the bone loss seen in Slit2th mice. Together, the findings indicate that SLIT2 is a regulator of a sympathetic nerve–mediated SSC niche.

Authors

Zuoxing Wu, Na Li, Zhengqiong Luo, Zihan Chen, Xuemei He, Jie Han, Xixi Lin, Fan Shi, Haitao Huang, Baohong Shi, Yu Li, Xin Wang, Lin Meng, Dachuan Zhang, Lanfen Chen, Dawang Zhou, Weinan Cheng, Matthew B. Greenblatt, Ren Xu

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Figure 6

Sympathetic hyperinnervation disrupts bone regeneration by impairing SSC expansion.

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Sympathetic hyperinnervation disrupts bone regeneration by impairing SSC...
(A and B) Representative μCT images of bone regeneration 7 days after femoral bone marrow ablation and quantitative analysis of bone parameter in regeneration area in 6-week-old Slit2fl/fl and Slit2th male mice. n = 5. Scale bars: 1 mm. (C) Representative flow cytometry plots 7 days after femoral bone marrow ablation and relative frequency of SSCs from femurs of 6-week-old Slit2fl/fl and Slit2th male mice. n = 5. (D) Representative confocal images 7 days after femoral bone marrow ablation. Shown are TH (red) and DAPI (blue) signal and quantitative analysis of TH+ sympathetic nerves in femur sections. Marrow ablation was conducted in 6-week-old Slit2fl/fl and Slit2th male mice. n = 6; Scale bars, 500 μm. (E) Representative μCT images 21 days after femur fracture and quantitative analysis of callus bone volume. Fractures were performed in 6-week-old Slit2fl/fl and Slit2th male mice. n = 6. Scale bars: 2 mm. (F) H&E staining visualizing the callus formed 21 days after femur fracture in 6-week-old Slit2fl/fl and Slit2th male mice. Scale bars: 200 μm. (G) Representative flow cytometry plots 14 days after femur fracture and the relative frequency of SSCs from the femurs of 6-week-old Slit2fl/fl and Slit2th male mice. n = 5 per group. (H) Representative μCT images 21 days after femur fracture and quantitative analysis of bone callus volume. Fractures were performed in 6-week-old Fstl1fl/fl and Fstl1Dbh-cre-ert2 male mice. n = 5. Scale bars: 2 mm. (I) Representative flow cytometry plots 14 days after femur fracture and relative frequency of SSCs from femurs of 6-week-old Fstl1fl/fl and Fstl1Dbh-cre-ert2 male mice. Fstl1fl/fl, n = 6; Fstl1Dbh-cre-ert2, n = 5. Error bars indicate mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, by unpaired, 2-tailed Student’s t test for 2-group comparisons.

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ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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