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ResearchIn-Press PreviewAutoimmunityInfectious disease
Open Access |
10.1172/JCI192619
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Luo, S. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Deng, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Liu, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Xiong, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Wang, W. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Wang, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Cai, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Ding, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Fayed, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Cheng, Z. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Zhang, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Zhang, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Fang, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Zhang, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Zhu, R. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Jiang, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Li, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Huang, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Cheng, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Tang, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Sun, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Mei, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Wang, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Wang, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
2National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
5Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Ho, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
6Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
7School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
8Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
9Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
10Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Find articles by Hu, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar
Published December 9, 2025 - More info
Autoimmune factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is a rare hemorrhagic disease characterized by severe bleeding and a high mortality rate. However, the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. Currently, FXIII consumption caused by infections is becoming increasingly common. Our clinical investigation, combined with in vivo experiments, revealed that patients and mice with autoimmune FXIII deficiency displayed complement dysfunction, and that pathogenic infection and autoantibody generation were positively correlated. Further analysis revealed the presence of combined FXIII-C3 autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune FXIII deficiency. These combined autoantibodies neutralize FXIII, causing excessive bleeding, and form a complex with C3, inhibiting complement activation and complement-mediated adaptive immune responses. Therefore, compromised immune responses increase host susceptibility to pathogenic Candida albicans infections. Consequently, uncontrolled exogenous fungal infections further activate platelets and cause platelet-related CD40 ligand (CD40L) release. By interacting with the CD40 on the B cell surface, the released CD40L further promotes auto-reactive B cell activation to produce more autoantibodies, thereby forming a self-amplification loop for the progressive consumption of FXIII. We believe that this study provides a perspective on disease pathogenesis and therapeutic guidance for better treatment of autoimmune FXIII deficiency.