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Selective disruption of RORγt-CBFβ interaction by IMU-935 prevents RORγt-dependent Th17 autoimmunity but not thymocyte development
Hongmin Wu, Xiancai Zhong, Ning Ma, Zhiheng He, Guanpeng Wang, Geming Lu, Yate-Ching Yuan, Wencan Zhang, Yun Shi, Nagarajan Vaidehi, Evelyn Peelen, Tanja Wulff, Christian Gege, Hella Kohlhof, Daniel Vitt, Yousang Gwack, Ichiro Taniuchi, Hai-Hui Xue, Zuoming Sun
Hongmin Wu, Xiancai Zhong, Ning Ma, Zhiheng He, Guanpeng Wang, Geming Lu, Yate-Ching Yuan, Wencan Zhang, Yun Shi, Nagarajan Vaidehi, Evelyn Peelen, Tanja Wulff, Christian Gege, Hella Kohlhof, Daniel Vitt, Yousang Gwack, Ichiro Taniuchi, Hai-Hui Xue, Zuoming Sun
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Research Article Autoimmunity Immunology

Selective disruption of RORγt-CBFβ interaction by IMU-935 prevents RORγt-dependent Th17 autoimmunity but not thymocyte development

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Abstract

RORγt is a key transcription factor regulating both Th17 differentiation and thymocyte development. Although Th17 cells drive autoimmune diseases, inhibiting RORγt to treat autoimmunity also disrupts thymocyte development and can cause lethal thymic lymphoma. We identified a previously unreported RORγt cofactor, CBFβ, and a highly selective RORγt inhibitor, IMU-935, that preferentially disrupt the RORγt-CBFβ interaction in Th17 cells but not thymocytes. This interaction is essential for RORγt function; mice with a RORγt mutant unable to bind CBFβ had impaired Th17 differentiation, were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and had defective thymocyte development. IMU-935 inhibited Th17 differentiation and reduced EAE severity without affecting thymocyte development by selectively targeting the RORγt-CBFβ interaction in Th17 cells but not in thymocytes. This differential effect arose because different concentrations of IMU-935 were required to disrupt the interaction in Th17 cells versus thymocytes, due to varying levels of RUNX1 that compete with RORγt for CBFβ binding. This study reveals an unreported mechanism for RORγt regulation and a selective RORγt inhibitor that prevents Th17-driven autoimmunity without the risk of lethal lymphoma from thymocyte disruption.

Authors

Hongmin Wu, Xiancai Zhong, Ning Ma, Zhiheng He, Guanpeng Wang, Geming Lu, Yate-Ching Yuan, Wencan Zhang, Yun Shi, Nagarajan Vaidehi, Evelyn Peelen, Tanja Wulff, Christian Gege, Hella Kohlhof, Daniel Vitt, Yousang Gwack, Ichiro Taniuchi, Hai-Hui Xue, Zuoming Sun

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Figure 3

IMU-935 inhibits RORγt target genes critical for Th17 differentiation.

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IMU-935 inhibits RORγt target genes critical for Th17 differentiation.
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(A) Venn diagram displaying the number of DEGs (1.5-fold, up or down; P < 0.05) identified by RNA-Seq assays in Th17-polarized RORγt-expressing RORγt–/– CD4+ T cells (RORγt throughout) compared with RORγt–/– cells (EV) and in IMU-935–treated (500 nM) compared with nontreated RORγt+ CD4+ T cells. (B) Volcano plots displaying the global gene expression changes. The horizontal dotted line marks P = 0.05; the vertical dotted lines mark fold change of ±1.5. (C) The horizontal bars denote pathways identified by IPA canonical signaling pathways analysis. Upregulation (z > 0) or downregulation (z < 0) of the pathway activity in RORγt+ versus RORγt–/– cells (orange) or IMU-935–treated compared with nontreated RORγt+ cells (blue). The vertical dotted lines mark P = 0.05. (D) Heatmap showing Th17 signature gene expression in RORγt–/– (EV) or RORγt+ CD4+ cells treated with IMU-935 or not. Right: The gene set enrichment plot showing enrichment of Th17 genes. Gene expression was normalized by total counts of each gene. Specific Th gene sets were derived from the MSig database. (E) Heatmap depicting changes in the activity of the upstream regulators predicted by IPA. Activation z score indicated increased (orange; z > 0) or decreased (blue; z < 0) activity, all z score values are labeled within the corresponding cell. (F) Genome-wide RORγt-DNA binding signal intensity determined by ChIP-Seq assays near the TSS in RORγt–/– (EV) or IMU-935–nontreated (–) or treated (+) RORγt+ CD4+ cells polarized under Th17 conditions for 3 days. (G) RORγt binding peaks at Il17a–Il17f (left) or Il23r (right) gene locus. The results are the representative of overlays from 2 separate experiments. NES, normalized enrichment score.

Copyright © 2026 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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