H19X was silenced in dermal SSc fibroblasts with 25 nM ASO for a total of 120 hours and stimulated with TGF-β for the last 72 hours in 1% FBS medium. Gene ontology enrichment analysis performed on significantly upregulated genes (FDR <0.05 and absolute log₂ FC >0.5) as revealed by microarray analysis (A). Heatmap showing significant upregulated genes that are relevant for cell cycle and proliferation as measured by microarray analysis (FDR < 0.05 and log₂ FC >0.5) (B). H19X was silenced in SSc fibroblasts with 25 nM ASO for a total of 120 hours and stimulated with TGF-β for the last 48 hours in 1% FBS medium. Cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 and percentages of cells in G1 and G2/S, were acquired by flow cytometry. Dot plots are representative for n = 3 biological replicates (C). H19X was silenced in SSc fibroblasts with 25 nM ASO and in parallel stimulated with TGF-β. xCELLigence real-time measurement of cell proliferation. Measurement of the cell index normalized to the cell index value at the time of transfection (24 hours). Experiment was recorded for 180 hours after cell transfection. Representative normalized cell index curve of n = 5 biological replicates, variation is presented as SD of 4 technical replicates of the representative biological replicate (D). The slope of the cell index curve was calculated separately for the exponential growth phase and the late phase of the curve (E). Luminescence (for annexin V) as a measure of apoptosis was recorded every 6 hours starting 24 hours until 120 hours after cell transfection. Fold change was calculated respective to scrambled control. *indicates significance for untreated cells, ⁺indicates significance for TGF-β–stimulated cells (F). Caspase-3/7 activity measured at 88 hours after cell transfection (f). Data are presented as single values and mean (n = 3–5). One-way ANOVA (C, E, and G). Two-way ANOVA (F). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.