Chronic fractalkine administration improves glucose tolerance and pancreatic endocrine function
Matthew Riopel, … , Jerrold M. Olefsky, Yun Sok Lee
Matthew Riopel, … , Jerrold M. Olefsky, Yun Sok Lee
Published April 2, 2018; First published March 5, 2018
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2018;128(4):1458-1470. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI94330.
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Categories: Research Article Endocrinology Metabolism

Chronic fractalkine administration improves glucose tolerance and pancreatic endocrine function

Abstract

We have previously reported that the fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CR1 system represents a novel regulatory mechanism for insulin secretion and β cell function. Here, we demonstrate that chronic administration of a long-acting form of FKN, FKN-Fc, can exert durable effects to improve glucose tolerance with increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased β cell apoptosis in obese rodent models. Unexpectedly, chronic FKN-Fc administration also led to decreased α cell glucagon secretion. In islet cells, FKN inhibited ATP-sensitive potassium channel conductance by an ERK-dependent mechanism, which triggered β cell action potential (AP) firing and decreased α cell AP amplitude. This results in increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased glucagon secretion. Beyond its islet effects, FKN-Fc also exerted peripheral effects to enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity due to inhibition of glucagon action. In hepatocytes, FKN treatment reduced glucagon-stimulated cAMP production and CREB phosphorylation in a pertussis toxin–sensitive manner. Together, these results raise the possibility of use of FKN-based therapy to improve type 2 diabetes by increasing both insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.

Authors

Matthew Riopel, Jong Bae Seo, Gautam K. Bandyopadhyay, Pingping Li, Joshua Wollam, Heekyung Chung, Seung-Ryoung Jung, Anne Murphy, Maria Wilson, Ron de Jong, Sanjay Patel, Deepika Balakrishna, James Bilakovics, Andrea Fanjul, Artur Plonowski, Duk-Su Koh, Christopher J. Larson, Jerrold M. Olefsky, Yun Sok Lee

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Figure 1

Chronic administration of a chimeric FKN-Fc fusion protein exerts durable effects to improve glucose tolerance with increased insulin and decreased glucagon secretion in HFD/obese mice.

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Chronic administration of a chimeric FKN-Fc fusion protein exerts durabl...
(A) Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTTs) in NCD WT mice at day 0. n = 8 for both groups. (B) GTTs in NCD WT mice at day 5. A single injection of 10 mg/kg FKN-Fc or vehicle was given to NCD WT mice at day 0 and, at day 5, glucose tolerance (left) and plasma insulin levels (right) were measured with (FKN-Fc 10 mg/kg ×2) or without (vehicle and FKN-Fc 10 mg/kg ×1) acute FKN-Fc administration. n = 8 for each group. (C) GTTs were performed in HFD WT mice at 0 (left), 2 (middle) or 5 (right panel) days after a single FKN-Fc injection (day 0). n = 8 for both groups. (D) Fasting plasma glucagon levels in NCD and HFD (16 week) WT mice before and 10 min after 30 mg/kg FKN-Fc injection. Mean ± SEM. n = 8 for each group. (E–I) Effects of chronic FKN-Fc administration in HFD mice. Body weight (E; n = 20 WT mice), daily food intake (F; n = 5 WT mice), glucose tolerance (G, n = 8 WT mice; H, n = 8 CX3CR1 KO mice) and serum insulin (I, n = 8 WT mice) levels were measured during or after 8 weeks of FKN-Fc treatment. V, vehicle; F, FKN-Fc. For statistical analysis, 2-way ANOVA with post-hoc t tests between the individual groups (A–C and E–H), 1-way ANOVA (D) or 2-tailed unpaired t test (I) was performed. In all panels, values are mean ± SEM and the symbols indicate statistical analysis: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 versus vehicle controls or lane 1; #P < 0.05 versus lane 4. See also Supplemental Figure 1.