(A) Western blot analysis of phosphorylated ERK1/2, p38, JNK, c-JUN, BCL-2, cleaved caspase-3, total JNK, and c-JUN 4 hours or 12 hours after crush, with or without TRO19622 treatment or without crush but with MJ treatment. GAPDH was used as loading control. Blots are from samples run on parallel gels. n = 3–4 mice for each group. (B and C) Immunohistochemistry for nuclear phospho–c-JUN in mSCs of crushed or noncrushed control nerves after (B) VDAC1 silencing or (C) MJ or TRO19622 treatment. Mice were treated with TRO19622 intraperitoneally for 4 days before crush and via nerve injection 30 minutes before crush or treated with MJ via nerve injection 30 minutes before crush. Nerves were analyzed 12 hours after crush or injection. Representative images are shown. mSCs are stained for nuclei (TOPRO3, blue or white) and phospho–c-JUN (red), and infected cells express GFP (green). Arrows indicate infected mSC nuclei. Scale bar: 50 μm. Quantification of fluorescence intensity as fold over noncrushed nerve (basal). (D) Immunohistochemistry for total c-JUN in mSCs after VDAC1 silencing (shRNA) or blocking (TRO19622) and crush. Arrows indicate VDAC1 shRNA–infected mSC nuclei. Scale bar: 50 μm Quantification of total c-JUN represented as fold over basal (noncrushed mice). Noninfected neighbor cells were used as internal controls. (E) Representative images of myelinating and demyelinating SCs expressing GFP after crush or drug treatments. Scale bar: 100 μm. Quantification of myelinating and demyelinating SC frequency after (F) VDAC1 silencing and (G) MJ and TRO19622 treatment. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. n = 3–5 mice for each group. Asterisks and pound signs mark statistical differences compared with noncrushed and crushed nerves, respectively. *P < 0.05, ^#P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ^##P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ^###P < 0.001, 2-tailed Student’s t test.