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Usage Information

Fertilization: a sperm’s journey to and interaction with the oocyte
Masahito Ikawa, Naokazu Inoue, Adam M. Benham, Masaru Okabe
Masahito Ikawa, Naokazu Inoue, Adam M. Benham, Masaru Okabe
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Review Series

Fertilization: a sperm’s journey to and interaction with the oocyte

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Abstract

Mammalian fertilization comprises sperm migration through the female reproductive tract, biochemical and morphological changes to sperm, and sperm-egg interaction in the oviduct. Recent gene knockout approaches in mice have revealed that many factors previously considered important for fertilization are largely dispensable, or if they are essential, they have an unexpected function. These results indicate that what has been observed in in vitro fertilization (IVF) differs significantly from what occurs during “physiological” fertilization. This Review focuses on the advantages of studying fertilization using gene-manipulated animals and highlights an emerging molecular mechanism of mammalian fertilization.

Authors

Masahito Ikawa, Naokazu Inoue, Adam M. Benham, Masaru Okabe

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Usage data is cumulative from May 2025 through May 2026.

Usage JCI PMC
Text version 4,218 1,216
PDF 303 133
Figure 939 6
Table 321 0
Citation downloads 158 0
Totals 5,939 1,355
Total Views 7,294
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Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.

Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.

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