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ResearchIn-Press PreviewAutoimmunityImmunology Open Access | 10.1172/JCI205723

Endothelial neo-antigen expression initiates CD8⁺ T cell–driven CNS vasculitis amplified by peripheral immune challenge

Ines Sophie Schädlich,1 Du Huy Nguyen,1 Manja Wibke Thiem,1 Andreas Franzelin,2 Marcel Seungsu Woo,3 Alexandros Hadjilaou,4 Malte Borggrewe,5 Jiani Jiang,1 Mamta Panda,1 Enrico Maria Costanzo,1 Tina Fischer,1 Marco Er-Lukowiak,1 Yinghui Duan,1 Anne Rissiek,6 Alexander Winston Veltkamp,1 Friederike Raczkowski,7 Peter Ludewig,1 Markus Schwaninger,8 Dagmar Wirth,9 Gisa Tiegs,10 Thomas G. Oertner,2 Danny Schreier,11 Maike Frye,11 Amirrtavarshni Sivayoganathan,12 Christian F. Krebs,12 Sonja Johann,13 Barbara M. Braunger,13 Thomas Renné,11 Berta Puig,1 Anna Wiesner,14 Markus Glatzel,14 Hans-Willi Mittrücker,7 Björn Rissiek,1 and Tim Magnus1

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Schädlich, I. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Nguyen, D. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Thiem, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Franzelin, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Woo, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Hadjilaou, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Borggrewe, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Jiang, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Panda, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Costanzo, E. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Fischer, T. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Er-Lukowiak, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Duan, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Rissiek, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Veltkamp, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Raczkowski, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Ludewig, P. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Schwaninger, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Wirth, D. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Tiegs, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

Find articles by Oertner, T. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

2Institute for Synaptic Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMN, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

3Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

4Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

5Independent Bioinformatics Consultant, Hamburg, Germany

6Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

7Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

9Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany

10Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, Center for Experimenta, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

11Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

12III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

13Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

14Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

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Published October 20, 2026 - More info

J Clin Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI205723.
Copyright © 2026, Schädlich et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published October 20, 2026 - Version history
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Abstract

Primary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is a rare and devastating inflammatory cerebrovascular disease for which pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly defined, largely due to limited access to human tissue and the absence of validated experimental models. Here, we present a mouse model of CNS-restricted vasculitis based on inducible, endothelial-biased neoantigen expression, termed brain endothelial ovalbumin (BrEndO). In BrEndO mice, tamoxifen-induced ovalbumin (OVA) expression in cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) elicited a controlled endogenous CD8+ T cell response at the blood–brain barrier that remained clinically restrained. In contrast, peripheral immune activation through infection with OVA-expressing Listeria monocytogenes or systemic PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade converted this regulated response into severe, CD8+ T cell–driven CNS vasculitis with vascular injury and parenchymal infiltration. Transcriptomic profiling of inflamed cerebral microvessels and spatial transcriptomic analyses demonstrated shared inflammatory and immune activation signatures between BrEndO mice and human primary CNS vasculitis brain biopsies. These findings identify antigen-specific endothelial immune recognition as a regulated process whose breakdown precipitates CNS-restricted vasculitis and establish BrEndO as an experimentally tractable platform to investigate mechanisms and modifiers of immune-mediated cerebrovascular inflammation.

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