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ResearchIn-Press PreviewHepatologyInflammation Open Access | 10.1172/JCI201406

S100A11 regulates hepatic cholesterol metabolism and promotes steatohepatitis via non-canonical SREBP2 signaling

Mingfeng Zhan,1 Xiumei Xu,2 Huiyin Wu,1 Qijing Fan,1 Hongsheng Lu,1 Chengbin Li,1 Linqiang Zhang,3 Tingting Zhu,4 Yunqian Shen,1 Jing Liu,1 Yaomei He,1 Yingjie Wu,5 Jingjing Zhang,1 Xiaoju Zou,2 and Bin Liang1

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Zhan, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Xu, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Wu, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Fan, Q. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Lu, H. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Li, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Zhang, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Zhu, T. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Shen, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Liu, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by He, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Wu, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Zhang, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Zou, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Disea, Yunnan University, Kunming, China

2College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Med, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China

3Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

4School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China

5Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National C, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

Find articles by Liang, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Published August 4, 2026 - More info

J Clin Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI201406.
Copyright © 2026, Zhan et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published August 4, 2026 - Version history
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Abstract

Dietary cholesterol and de novo cholesterol synthesis in the liver use reciprocal coordination to maintain cholesterol homeostasis. However, high level of dietary cholesterol still promotes excessive cholesterol accumulation in the liver, leading to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), yet the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that hepatic S100A11, a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins, positively responds to the dietary cholesterol level and is involved in hepatic cholesterol metabolism. S100A11 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and can bind to cholesterol. In vivo and in vitro, hepatic overexpression of S100A11 led to SREBP2 activation to promote cholesterol synthesis, uptake, and accumulation, consequently exacerbating steatohepatitis. In contrast, inactivation of S100A11 had opposite effects and improved steatohepatitis. Mechanistically, S100A11 triggers the non-canonical entry of SREBP2 into the nucleus through a S100A11-ANXA1-KPNB axis, distinct from the well-known INSIG-SCAP pathway or Caspase2 pathways. Therefore, our work identifies S100A11 as a regulator of liver cholesterol metabolism, providing a promising target to treat MASH and hypercholesterolemia.

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