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Multiomic assessments of LNCaP and derived cell strains reveal determinants of prostate cancer pathobiology
Arnab Bose, Armand Bankhead III, Ilsa Coleman, Thomas Persse, Wanting Han, Patricia Galipeau, Brian Hanratty, Tony Chu, Jared Lucas, Dapei Li, Rabeya Bilkis, Pushpa Itagi, Sajida Hassan, Mallory Beightol, Minjeong Ko, Ruth Dumpit, Michael Haffner, Colin Pritchard, Gavin Ha, Peter S. Nelson
Arnab Bose, Armand Bankhead III, Ilsa Coleman, Thomas Persse, Wanting Han, Patricia Galipeau, Brian Hanratty, Tony Chu, Jared Lucas, Dapei Li, Rabeya Bilkis, Pushpa Itagi, Sajida Hassan, Mallory Beightol, Minjeong Ko, Ruth Dumpit, Michael Haffner, Colin Pritchard, Gavin Ha, Peter S. Nelson
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Research Article Cell biology Oncology

Multiomic assessments of LNCaP and derived cell strains reveal determinants of prostate cancer pathobiology

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Abstract

A cornerstone of research to improve cancer outcomes involves studies of model systems to identify causal drivers of oncogenesis, understand mechanisms leading to metastases, and develop new therapeutics. Although most cancer types are represented by large cell line panels that reflect diverse neoplastic genotypes and phenotypes found in patients, prostate cancer is notable for a very limited repertoire of models that recapitulate the pathobiology of human disease. Of these, the lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) cell line has served as the major resource for basic and translational studies. Here, we delineated the molecular composition of LNCaP and multiple substrains through analyses of whole-genome sequences, transcriptomes, chromatin structure, androgen receptor (AR) cistromes, and functional studies. Our results determined that LNCaP exhibits substantial subclonal diversity, ongoing genomic instability, and phenotype plasticity. Several oncogenic features were consistently present across strains, but others were unexpectedly variable, such as ETV1 expression, Y chromosome loss, a reliance on WNT and glucocorticoid receptor activity, and distinct AR alterations maintaining AR pathway activation. These results document the inherent molecular heterogeneity and ongoing genomic instability that drive diverse prostate cancer phenotypes and provide a foundation for the accurate interpretation and reproduction of research findings.

Authors

Arnab Bose, Armand Bankhead III, Ilsa Coleman, Thomas Persse, Wanting Han, Patricia Galipeau, Brian Hanratty, Tony Chu, Jared Lucas, Dapei Li, Rabeya Bilkis, Pushpa Itagi, Sajida Hassan, Mallory Beightol, Minjeong Ko, Ruth Dumpit, Michael Haffner, Colin Pritchard, Gavin Ha, Peter S. Nelson

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Figure 3

LNCaP substrains exhibit recurrent and unique genomic alterations.

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LNCaP substrains exhibit recurrent and unique genomic alterations.
(A) M...
(A) Mutation and copy number alteration (CNA) status for selected genes with recurrent alterations in metastatic prostate cancer across LNCaP strains. The bottom right triangle indicates an observed pathogenic mutation (SNV/INDEL) within the gene, and the top left triangle indicates CNA status (amplification, shallow deletions, deletions, deep deletions) that overlap the gene. CNA events that also have loss of heterozygosity (LOH) status are depicted with a hatch pattern. “Multiple” indicates instances where 2+ pathogenic mutations are observed for that gene. Tumor mutation burden was computed as the number of nonsynonymous mutations per megabase pairs of coding regions (top). Aneuploidy status (arm gain, arm deletion) is indicated for select chromosome arms. Fusion status indicates evidence for genomic rearrangement involving an ETS transcription factor. Genes that have been transected by at least 1 of 2 breakpoints of a structural variation (SV) event are indicated with a black border around the triangle. (B) Genome-wide integer copy number profiles generated by TitanCNA. Data points represent individual germline heterozygous SNPs or 10 kb pair-sized bins. Estimated integer copy number (y axis) is indicated by colors: deletions (green), copy neutral (blue), gain (dark red), and amplifications (bright red). (C) Cell-lineage tree reconstruction based on inferred subclonal composition using all unique pathogenic SNV mutations (24,282) across the substrains. SNVs included in the analysis had filtering criteria of presence in COSMIC Gene Census; deleterious status by SIFT, LRT, MutationTaster, FATHMM, and ClinVar; 1% or less in gnomAD or ExAC databases; and 10 or more total reads and 3 or more mutant reads in the tumor. PyClone-VI was used to determine cellular prevalence and clonal clusters; LICHeE for lineage reconstruction; cloneMap for visualization. INDEL, insertions/deletions; SNV, single nucleotide variant.

Copyright © 2026 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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