(A) CD68⁺ clusters were reclustered using UMAP dimensionality reduction for 5 patients across 3 time points (baseline, week 12, and week 24). (B) Feature plots depicting single-cell gene expression of individual myeloid genes (scale: log-transformed gene expression). (C) Violin plots of macrophage-defining genes. All selected genes have an adjusted P value of less than 0.05. (D) IMC depicting liver macrophages and CD8⁺ T cell colocalization in inflamed livers of patients with CHB. The portal region is outlined by yellow dotted lines. (E) Enrichment of liver macrophages depicted by the ratio of the portal divided by the lobular cell count/mm² between inflamed (n = 28) and noninflamed (n = 6) liver tissue sections. Lobular enrichment values were multiplied by –100. P values were determined by a nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, and ***P < 0.001). (F and G) Simple correlation analysis between portal CD8⁺ T cells/mm² and (F) serum ALT levels and (G) iMacs/mm² in patients with CHB. (H) Proximity analysis of CD8⁺ T cells and liver macrophages within 15 μm between inflamed (n = 28) and noninflamed (n = 6) liver tissue sections. P values were determined by nonparametric Wilcoxon test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, and ***P < 0.001). (I) Multiplex IF images showing liver macrophages in inflamed liver of patients with CHB at inflammatory foci and noninflamed regions (n = 4). Original magnification, ×20. (J) Quantification of liver macrophages in inflamed liver of patients with CHB at inflammatory foci and noninflammatory regions. P values were determined by nonparametric Wilcoxon test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, and ***P < 0.001).