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NVX-CoV2373 vaccination induces functional SARS-CoV-2–specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses
Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher, … , Gregory Glenn, Shane Crotty
Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher, … , Gregory Glenn, Shane Crotty
Published August 9, 2022
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2022;132(19):e160898. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI160898.
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Research Article Immunology

NVX-CoV2373 vaccination induces functional SARS-CoV-2–specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses

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Abstract

NVX-CoV2373 is an adjuvanted recombinant full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer protein vaccine demonstrated to be protective against COVID-19 in efficacy trials. Here we demonstrate that vaccinated individuals made CD4+ T cell responses after 1 and 2 doses of NVX-CoV2373, and a subset of individuals made CD8+ T cell responses. Characterization of the vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells demonstrated IFN-γ production. Characterization of the vaccine-elicited CD4+ T cells revealed both circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells and Th1 cells (IFN-γ+, TNF-α+, and IL-2+) were detectable within 7 days of the primary immunization. Spike-specific CD4+ T cells were correlated with the magnitude of the later SARS-CoV-2–neutralizing antibody titers, indicating that robust generation of CD4+ T cells, capable of supporting humoral immune responses, may be a key characteristic of NVX-CoV2373 that utilizes Matrix-M adjuvant.

Authors

Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher, Christina Kim, Jose Mateus, Joyce Plested, Mingzhu Zhu, Shane Cloney-Clark, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Louis Fries, Gregory Glenn, Shane Crotty

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Figure 4

Association between T cell and antibody responses following NVX-CoV2373 vaccination.

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Association between T cell and antibody responses following NVX-CoV2373 ...
Correlation between day 7 SARS-CoV-2 spike–specific AIM+ CD4+ T cells and (A) day 21 microneutralization titers or (B) D28 SARS-CoV-2 spike–specific AIM+ CD4+ T cells and day 35 neutralization titers. Correlation between day 28 SARS-CoV-2 spike–specific AIM+ CD4+ T cells and (C) day 35 hACE2 binding inhibition or (D) day 35 spike IgG. Correlation between spike-specific AIM+ CD4+ cells and AIM+ CD8+ cells on (E) day 7 and (F) day 28. Data were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation.

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