Parathyroid hormone–dependent bone formation requires butyrate production by intestinal microbiota
Jau-Yi Li, … , Rheinallt M. Jones, Roberto Pacifici
Jau-Yi Li, … , Rheinallt M. Jones, Roberto Pacifici
Published January 9, 2020
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2020;130(4):1767-1781. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI133473.
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Research Article Bone Biology

Parathyroid hormone–dependent bone formation requires butyrate production by intestinal microbiota

Abstract

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a critical regulator of skeletal development that promotes both bone formation and bone resorption. Using microbiota depletion by wide-spectrum antibiotics and germ-free (GF) female mice, we showed that the microbiota was required for PTH to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass. Microbiota depletion lowered butyrate levels, a metabolite responsible for gut-bone communication, while reestablishment of physiologic levels of butyrate restored PTH-induced anabolism. The permissive activity of butyrate was mediated by GPR43 signaling in dendritic cells and by GPR43-independent signaling in T cells. Butyrate was required for PTH to increase the number of bone marrow (BM) regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs stimulated production of the osteogenic Wnt ligand Wnt10b by BM CD8+ T cells, which activated Wnt-dependent bone formation. Together, these data highlight the role that butyrate produced by gut luminal microbiota plays in triggering regulatory pathways, which are critical for the anabolic action of PTH in bone.

Authors

Jau-Yi Li, Mingcan Yu, Subhashis Pal, Abdul Malik Tyagi, Hamid Dar, Jonathan Adams, M. Neale Weitzmann, Rheinallt M. Jones, Roberto Pacifici

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Figure 3

iPTH treatment fails to regulate SC proliferation and life span, T cell expression of Wnt10b, number of Tregs, and BM production of TGF-β and IGF-1.

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iPTH treatment fails to regulate SC proliferation and life span, T cell ...
(A and B) SC proliferation as measured by thymidine incorporation (n = 8–10 mice/group). (C and D) SC apoptosis as measured by Caspase-3 activity (n = 5 mice/group). (E and F) mRNA levels of bone sialoprotein (Bsp), type 1 collagen (Col1), osteocalcin (Ocn), osterix (Osx), and Runx2, which are factors representative of the differentiation of SCs into osteoblasts (n = 5 mice/group). (G and H) Transcripts of genes that are specifically increased by Wnt signaling in SCs. The analyzed genes were aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), Axin2, cysteine rich protein 61 (Cyr61), naked cuticle 2 homolog (Nkd2), transgelin (Tagln), transforming growth factor β3 (Tgfb3), thrombospondin 1 (Thbs1), Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (Wisp1), and Twist gene homolog 1 (Twist1) (n = 5 mice/group). (I–L) Wnt10b mRNA levels in whole BM cells and sorted BM CD8+ T cells (n = 5 mice/group). (M–P) PP and BM Tregs (TCR-β+CD4+Foxp3+ cells) (n = 8–10 mice/group). (Q and R) BM Tgfb1mRNA levels (n = 5 mice/group). (S and T) BM Igf-1 mRNA levels (n = 5 mice/group). Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. All data were normally distributed according to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. All data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and post hoc tests, applying Bonferroni’s correction for multiple comparisons. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 compared with the indicated group in the post hoc tests.