Fluid Transfer in the Everted Human Gallbladder

Gerald R. Onstad; Leslie J. Schoenfield; John A. Higgins

doi:10.1172/JCI105562

^{Gastrointestinal Research Unit and Section of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.}

^{Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minn.}

†

National Institutes of Health fellow in gastroenterology.

‡

Address requests for reprints to Dr. Leslie J. Schoenfield, Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55901.

Submitted for publication July 2, 1966; accepted December 22, 1966.

This investigation was supported in part by research grants AM-06908 and T1-AM-5259 from the National Institutes of Health.

Find articles by Onstad, G. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

^{Gastrointestinal Research Unit and Section of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.}

^{Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minn.}

†

National Institutes of Health fellow in gastroenterology.

‡

Address requests for reprints to Dr. Leslie J. Schoenfield, Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55901.

Submitted for publication July 2, 1966; accepted December 22, 1966.

This investigation was supported in part by research grants AM-06908 and T1-AM-5259 from the National Institutes of Health.

Find articles by Schoenfield, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

^{Gastrointestinal Research Unit and Section of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn.}

^{Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minn.}

†

National Institutes of Health fellow in gastroenterology.

‡

Address requests for reprints to Dr. Leslie J. Schoenfield, Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55901.

Submitted for publication July 2, 1966; accepted December 22, 1966.

This investigation was supported in part by research grants AM-06908 and T1-AM-5259 from the National Institutes of Health.

Find articles by Higgins, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Published in Volume 46, Issue 4 on April 1, 1967
J Clin Invest. 1967;46(4):606–614. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI105562.
© 1967 The American Society for Clinical Investigation

Published April 1, 1967 - Version history

The rates of fluid transfer across human gallbladders obtained at cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis were determined by the measurement of weight changes of everted preparations under controlled conditions. Active transport of fluid from the mucosal to the serosal surface was indicated since weight gain occurred with the same solution on both sides of the membrane and against hydrostatic, osmotic, and potential differences. With respect to sodium, the fluid transferred was isotonic to the bathing solutions. Metabolic inhibitors and temperature extremes inhibited weight gain.

In addition, muscle contractions in this in vitro preparation were related to the rates and direction of fluid movement. Cholecystokinin increased muscle activity and caused weight loss in preparations that previously had gained weight. Norepinephrine caused weight gain or increased weight gain in all preparations tested.

The direction of net fluid movement in the isolated everted human gallbladder was determined by the opposing forces of active mucosal transport and a filtration pressure generated by muscle contractions.

Images.