The drug transporter P-glycoprotein limits oral absorption and brain entry of HIV-1 protease inhibitors.

R B Kim; M F Fromm; C Wandel; B Leake; A J Wood; D M Roden; G R Wilkinson

doi:10.1172/JCI1269

Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA.

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Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA.

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Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA.

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Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA.

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Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA.

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Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA.

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Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, USA.

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Published in Volume 101, Issue 2 on January 15, 1998
J Clin Invest. 1998;101(2):289–294. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI1269.
© 1998 The American Society for Clinical Investigation

Published January 15, 1998 - Version history

Currently available HIV-1 protease inhibitors are potent agents in the therapy of HIV-1 infection. However, limited oral absorption and variable tissue distribution, both of which are largely unexplained, complicate their use. We tested the hypothesis that P-glycoprotein is an important transporter for these agents. We studied the vectorial transport characteristics of indinavir, nelfinavir, and saquinavir in vitro using the model P-glycoprotein expressing cell lines L-MDR1 and Caco-2 cells, and in vivo after intravenous and oral administration of these agents to mice with a disrupted mdr1a gene. All three compounds were found to be transported by P-glycoprotein in vitro. After oral administration, plasma concentrations were elevated 2-5-fold in mdr1a (-/-) mice and with intravenous administration, brain concentrations were elevated 7-36-fold. These data demonstrate that P-glycoprotein limits the oral bioavailability and penetration of these agents into the brain. This raises the possibility that higher HIV-1 protease inhibitor concentrations may be obtained by targeted pharmacologic inhibition of P-glycoprotein transport activity.

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The drug transporter P-glycoprotein limits oral absorption and brain entry of HIV-1 protease inhibitors.

R B Kim, M F Fromm, C Wandel, B Leake, A J Wood, D M Roden, and G R Wilkinson

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The drug transporter P-glycoprotein limits oral absorption and brain entry of HIV-1 protease inhibitors.

R B Kim, M F Fromm, C Wandel, B Leake, A J Wood, D M Roden, and G R Wilkinson

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