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Interval dosing with the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat effectively reverses HIV latency
Nancie M. Archin, … , Nilu Goonetilleke, David M. Margolis
Nancie M. Archin, … , Nilu Goonetilleke, David M. Margolis
Published July 17, 2017
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2017;127(8):3126-3135. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI92684.
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Clinical Research and Public Health AIDS/HIV

Interval dosing with the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat effectively reverses HIV latency

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Abstract

BACKGROUND. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat (VOR) can increase HIV RNA expression in vivo within resting CD4+ T cells of aviremic HIV+ individuals. However, while studies of VOR or other HDAC inhibitors have reported reversal of latency, none has demonstrated clearance of latent infection. We sought to identify the optimal dosing of VOR for effective serial reversal of HIV latency. METHODS. In a study of 16 HIV-infected, aviremic individuals, we measured resting CD4+ T cell–associated HIV RNA ex vivo and in vivo following a single exposure to VOR, and then in vivo after a pair of doses separated by 48 or 72 hours, and finally following a series of 10 doses given at 72-hour intervals. RESULTS. Serial VOR exposures separated by 72 hours most often resulted in an increase in cell-associated HIV RNA within circulating resting CD4+ T cells. VOR was well tolerated by all participants. However, despite serial reversal of latency over 1 month of VOR dosing, we did not observe a measurable decrease (>0.3 log10) in the frequency of latent infection within resting CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS. These findings outline parameters for the experimental use of VOR to clear latent infection. Latency reversal can be achieved by VOR safely and repeatedly, but effective depletion of persistent HIV infection will require additional advances. In addition to improvements in latency reversal, these advances may include the sustained induction of potent antiviral immune responses capable of recognizing and clearing the rare cells in which HIV latency has been reversed. TRIAL REGISTRATION. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01319383. FUNDING. NIH grants U01 AI095052, AI50410, and P30 CA016086 and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences grant KL2 TR001109.

Authors

Nancie M. Archin, Jennifer L. Kirchherr, Julia A.M. Sung, Genevieve Clutton, Katherine Sholtis, Yinyan Xu, Brigitte Allard, Erin Stuelke, Angela D. Kashuba, Joann D. Kuruc, Joseph Eron, Cynthia L. Gay, Nilu Goonetilleke, David M. Margolis

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Figure 3

A 6-hour exposure to VOR ex vivo increased HIV gag RNA in resting CD4+ T cells isolated from aviremic donors.

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A 6-hour exposure to VOR ex vivo increased HIV gag RNA in resting CD4+ T...
Pools of 24 million resting CD4+ T cells isolated from aviremic donors were exposed to 335 nM VOR or mitogen (PHA and 60 U/ml IL-2) for 6 hours, and rca-HIV RNA levels were measured. Data represent the mean ± SD. P < 0.05 to P < 0.0001 (Mann-Whitney U test) for all comparisons between untreated cells and ex vivo VOR–treated cells.

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ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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