Blocking IFNAR1 inhibits multiple myeloma–driven Treg expansion and immunosuppression
Yawara Kawano, Oksana Zavidij, Jihye Park, Michele Moschetta, Katsutoshi Kokubun, Tarek H. Mouhieddine, Salomon Manier, Yuji Mishima, Naoka Murakami, Mark Bustoros, Romanos Sklavenitis Pistofidis, Mairead Reidy, Yu J. Shen, Mahshid Rahmat, Pavlo Lukyanchykov, Esilida Sula Karreci, Shokichi Tsukamoto, Jiantao Shi, Satoshi Takagi, Daisy Huynh, Antonio Sacco, Yu-Tzu Tai, Marta Chesi, P. Leif Bergsagel, Aldo M. Roccaro, Jamil Azzi, Irene M. Ghobrial
Yawara Kawano, Oksana Zavidij, Jihye Park, Michele Moschetta, Katsutoshi Kokubun, Tarek H. Mouhieddine, Salomon Manier, Yuji Mishima, Naoka Murakami, Mark Bustoros, Romanos Sklavenitis Pistofidis, Mairead Reidy, Yu J. Shen, Mahshid Rahmat, Pavlo Lukyanchykov, Esilida Sula Karreci, Shokichi Tsukamoto, Jiantao Shi, Satoshi Takagi, Daisy Huynh, Antonio Sacco, Yu-Tzu Tai, Marta Chesi, P. Leif Bergsagel, Aldo M. Roccaro, Jamil Azzi, Irene M. Ghobrial
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Research Article Hematology Immunology

Blocking IFNAR1 inhibits multiple myeloma–driven Treg expansion and immunosuppression

Abstract

Despite significant advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), most patients succumb to disease progression. One of the major immunosuppressive mechanisms that is believed to play a role in myeloma progression is the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, we demonstrate that myeloma cells drive Treg expansion and activation by secreting type 1 interferon (IFN). Blocking IFN α and β receptor 1 (IFNAR1) on Tregs significantly decreases both myeloma-associated Treg immunosuppressive function and myeloma progression. Using syngeneic transplantable murine myeloma models and bone marrow (BM) aspirates of MM patients, we found that Tregs were expanded and activated in the BM microenvironment at early stages of myeloma development. Selective depletion of Tregs led to a complete remission and prolonged survival in mice injected with myeloma cells. Further analysis of the interaction between myeloma cells and Tregs using gene sequencing and enrichment analysis uncovered a feedback loop, wherein myeloma-cell-secreted type 1 IFN induced proliferation and expansion of Tregs. By using IFNAR1-blocking antibody treatment and IFNAR1-knockout Tregs, we demonstrated a significant decrease in myeloma-associated Treg proliferation, which was associated with longer survival of myeloma-injected mice. Our results thus suggest that blocking type 1 IFN signaling represents a potential strategy to target immunosuppressive Treg function in MM.

Authors

Yawara Kawano, Oksana Zavidij, Jihye Park, Michele Moschetta, Katsutoshi Kokubun, Tarek H. Mouhieddine, Salomon Manier, Yuji Mishima, Naoka Murakami, Mark Bustoros, Romanos Sklavenitis Pistofidis, Mairead Reidy, Yu J. Shen, Mahshid Rahmat, Pavlo Lukyanchykov, Esilida Sula Karreci, Shokichi Tsukamoto, Jiantao Shi, Satoshi Takagi, Daisy Huynh, Antonio Sacco, Yu-Tzu Tai, Marta Chesi, P. Leif Bergsagel, Aldo M. Roccaro, Jamil Azzi, Irene M. Ghobrial

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Figure 5

Differences in gene expression between myeloma-associated and control Tregs in the BM microenvironment.

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Differences in gene expression between myeloma-associated and control Tr...
(A) mRNA expression profiling by RNA sequencing of total RNA isolated from control (n = 3) and Vk*MYC-injected (n = 3) BM Tregs. A heatmap was generated after supervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Differential mRNA expression is shown in red (upregulation) versus blue (downregulation) intensity (control versus Vk*MYC, 2-fold change, P < 0.05). (B) Differences in checkpoint-related gene expression levels of Tregs isolated from Vk*MYC-injected and control mice. A number of checkpoint-related molecules were significantly upregulated in Tregs from Vk*MYC-injected mice compared with control Tregs. The gene expression fold change in Tregs from Vk*MYC-injected mice compared with those from control Tregs is shown. (C) Differences in Treg effector gene expression levels between Vk*MYC and control Tregs. The gene expression fold change of Tregs from Vk*MYC-injected mice compared with control Tregs is shown. (D) Differences in chemokine receptor gene expression levels between Tregs from Vk*MYC-injected mice and control Tregs. *P ≤ 0.05; **P < 0.01 by 2-tailed t test. Error bars indicate SD.