Retinal angiogenesis suppression through small molecule activation of p53
Sai H. Chavala, … , Thomas C. Lee, Jayakrishna Ambati
Sai H. Chavala, … , Thomas C. Lee, Jayakrishna Ambati
Published October 1, 2013; First published September 9, 2013
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2013;123(10):4170-4181. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI67315.
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Research Article Vascular biology

Retinal angiogenesis suppression through small molecule activation of p53

Abstract

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the Western world. Cytokine-targeted therapies (such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor) are effective in treating pathologic ocular angiogenesis, but have not led to a durable effect and often require indefinite treatment. Here, we show that Nutlin-3, a small molecule antagonist of the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase MDM2, inhibited angiogenesis in several model systems. We found that a functional p53 pathway was essential for Nutlin-3–mediated retinal antiangiogenesis and disruption of the p53 transcriptional network abolished the antiangiogenic activity of Nutlin-3. Nutlin-3 did not inhibit established, mature blood vessels in the adult mouse retina, suggesting that only proliferating retinal vessels are sensitive to Nutlin-3. Furthermore, Nutlin-3 inhibited angiogenesis in nonretinal models such as the hind limb ischemia model. Our work demonstrates that Nutlin-3 functions through an antiproliferative pathway with conceivable advantages over existing cytokine-targeted antiangiogenesis therapies.

Authors

Sai H. Chavala, Younghee Kim, Laura Tudisco, Valeria Cicatiello, Till Milde, Nagaraj Kerur, Nidia Claros, Susan Yanni, Victor H. Guaiquil, William W. Hauswirth, John S. Penn, Shahin Rafii, Sandro De Falco, Thomas C. Lee, Jayakrishna Ambati

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Figure 3

Nutlin-3 induces p53 expression and a downstream target in HUVECs and HUVSMCs.

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Nutlin-3 induces p53 expression and a downstream target in HUVECs and HU...
(A) HUVECs were seeded on plastic-bottom culture dishes precoated with gelatin and treated with either 5 μM of Nutlin-3A, 5 μM of Nutlin-3B, or vehicle after 8 hours. Images were taken with an epifluorescent microscope and are representative of p53 expression (middle column) in the nucleus (left column) of HUVECs. Original magnification, ×400. (B) Western blot analysis for p53 and p21 was performed on lysates obtained from HUVECs treated with Nutlin-3A, Nutlin-3B, or vehicle in various concentrations for 8 hours. (C) Representative magnified confocal images are shown of HUVSMCs treated with either 7.5 μM of Nutlin-3A or vehicle after 8 hours. Original magnification, ×200. Nuclear p53 expression is shown in red and TO-PRO-3, a nuclear stain, in blue. (D) Western blot analysis for p53 and p21 was performed on lysates obtained from HUVSMCs treated with Nutlin-3A or vehicle.