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Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria crosstalk in NIX-mediated murine cell death
Abhinav Diwan, Scot J. Matkovich, Qunying Yuan, Wen Zhao, Atsuko Yatani, Joan Heller Brown, Jeffery D. Molkentin, Evangelia G. Kranias, Gerald W. Dorn II
Abhinav Diwan, Scot J. Matkovich, Qunying Yuan, Wen Zhao, Atsuko Yatani, Joan Heller Brown, Jeffery D. Molkentin, Evangelia G. Kranias, Gerald W. Dorn II
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Research Article Cardiology

Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria crosstalk in NIX-mediated murine cell death

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Abstract

Transcriptional upregulation of the proapoptotic BCL2 family protein NIX limits red blood cell formation and can cause heart failure by inducing cell death, but the requisite molecular events are poorly defined. Here, we show complementary mechanisms for NIX-mediated cell death involving direct and ER/sarcoplasmic reticulum–mediated (ER/SR-mediated) mitochondria disruption. Endogenous cardiac NIX and recombinant NIX localize both to the mitochondria and to the ER/SR. In genetic mouse models, cardiomyocyte ER/SR calcium stores are proportional to the level of expressed NIX. Whereas Nix ablation was protective in a mouse model of apoptotic cardiomyopathy, genetic correction of the decreased SR calcium content of Nix-null mice restored sensitivity to cell death and reestablished cardiomyopathy. Nix mutants specific to ER/SR or mitochondria activated caspases and were equally lethal, but only ER/SR-Nix caused loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results establish a new function for NIX as an integrator of transcriptional and calcium-mediated signals for programmed cell death.

Authors

Abhinav Diwan, Scot J. Matkovich, Qunying Yuan, Wen Zhao, Atsuko Yatani, Joan Heller Brown, Jeffery D. Molkentin, Evangelia G. Kranias, Gerald W. Dorn II

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Figure 2

Nix regulates ER and SR calcium stores.

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Nix regulates ER and SR calcium stores.
(A) Ventricular cardiac myocytes...
(A) Ventricular cardiac myocytes isolated from nontransgenic (NTG) or conditional Nix-overexpressing (Nix OE) mouse hearts were loaded with Fura-2 AM and analyzed for caffeine-stimulated [Ca2+]i by monitoring the 510 nm emission during rapidly alternating excitation at 340 and 380 nm. Data are reported as the 340:380 nm emission ratio. A representative pair of tracings is shown (left). Group data (right) represent mean ± SEM of 24 NTG and 42 Nix OE cardiac myocytes from 3 pairs of hearts. Caf, caffeine. (B) Ventricular cardiac myocytes isolated from WT or Nix-knockout (Nix–/–) mouse hearts were loaded with Fura-2 AM and analyzed for caffeine-stimulated [Ca2+]i as above. A representative pair of tracings is shown (left). Group data (right) represent mean ± SEM of 25 WT and 50 Nix–/– cardiac myocytes from 5 pairs of hearts. (C) Crude cardiac extracts from Nix-null (Nix–/–) and WT hearts were subjected to immunoblotting for RYR, SERCA, NCX, PLN, and CSQN (50 μg protein/lane). (D) Representative peak ICa traces recorded from a holding potential of –50 mV to the indicated test potentials in patch-clamped isolated Nix-null and WT cardiac myocytes. (E) Representative traces of Na+/Ca2+ exchange current induced by a rapid solution change from 150 mM Na+ to 150 mM Li+ (indicated above) at a holding potential of –40 mV, recorded from Nix-null and WT cardiac myocytes.

Copyright © 2026 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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