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Clinical Research and Public HealthIn-Press PreviewAIDS/HIVAgingImmunology Open Access | 10.1172/JCI193547

MVA.tHIVconsvX vaccination-evoked T cell expansion inversely associates with age in people with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy

Cynthia L. Gay,1 Yinyan Xu,2 Ann Marie K. Weideman,3 Fiona R. Shaw,2 JoAnn D. Kuruc,1 Shayla Z. Conrad,2 Sofia A. Mariano,2 Shahryar Samir,2 Sallay Kallon,2 Alexis T. Sponaugle,2 Joanna A. Warren,2 Genevieve T. Clutton,2 Maria Abad-Fernandez,2 Carolina Kapper,3 Alex B. Bradley,1 Caroline E. Baker,1 Susan M. Pedersen,1 Matthew Moeser,4 Lauren Burke,5 Edmund G.T. Wee,6 Alison Crook,6 Gregory M. Laird,7 Joshua C. Cyktor,8 John W. Mellors,8 Shuntai Zhou,4 Lawrence Fox,9 Joe J. Eron,1 David M. Margolis,1 Michael G. Hudgens,3 Tomáš Hanke,6 and Nilu Goonetilleke1

1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

Find articles by Gay, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

Find articles by Weideman, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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1Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

2University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

3Biostatistics Core, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

4Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

5Department of Radiolog, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America

6The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

7Accelovir Diagnostics, Baltimore, United States of America

8Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America

9HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Washington, DC, United States of America

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Published May 5, 2026 - More info

J Clin Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI193547.
Copyright © 2026, Gay et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published May 5, 2026 - Version history
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Abstract

BACKGROUND. Approaches to achieving antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free remission from HIV-1 must consider that people over 50 years now comprise the majority of people with HIV (PWH) on ART in various regions, including the U.S.

METHODS. We report a double-blind, randomized trial in which PWH on ART, aged 21-60 years, received modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-vectored vaccines, MVA.tHIVconsv3 (M3) and MVA.tHIVconsv4 (M4), either alone or in combination (n=7/group) or saline placebo (n=3). M3 and M4 contain complementary HIVconsvX immunogens that each span the same regions in HIV-1 Gag and Pol but differ at approximately 8% at the amino acid level.

RESULTS. M3, M4, and M3M4 regimens were well tolerated and all significantly increased both the frequency (peak median increase ~3-fold) and breadth of the HIVconsvX-specific T-cell response while redirecting T cells to target conserved regions in HIV-1 for up to 10 weeks post-vaccination. We also demonstrated that vaccination increased frequencies of T-cells targeting participant autologous HIV-1 sequences. Vaccination mostly expanded pre-existing HIV-1-specific T cells, did not impact CD4 T-cell activation, low-level viremia, or integrated HIV-1 provirus. Linear regression indicated that age was independently and negatively associated with the change in T-cell frequency at 1-, 2- and 10-weeks after vaccination (~1.41-fold decrease per 10 years older). After adjusting for age, years on ART was positively associated with HIVconsvX-specific T-cell frequencies at 1- and 2-weeks following vaccination.

CONCLUSION. In PWH receiving ART, MVA.HIVconsvX vaccines significantly increased T cells targeting conserved regions of HIV-1. Novel strategies may be required to enhance anti-HIV-1 immunity in older adults.

TRIAL REGISTRATION. NCT03844386.

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