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Research LetterIn-Press PreviewDermatologyInflammation
Open Access | 
10.1172/JCI188530
Targeting the IL-36 receptor with spesolimab mitigates residual inflammation and prevents generalized pustular psoriasis flares
James G. Krueger,1 Mrinal K. Sarkar,2 Mark G. Lebwohl,3 Akimichi Morita,4 Kenneth Gordon,5 Rachael Bogle,2 Christopher Cole,2 Anthony Coon,2 Richard G. Langley,6 Richard B. Warren,7 Arash Mostaghimi,8 Bruce Strober,9 A. David Burden,10 Min Zheng,11 Aaron R. Mangold,12 Milan J. Anadkat,13 Jonathan N. Barker,14 Joseph F. Merola,15 Lam C. Tsoi,2 Ming Tang,16 Kolja Becker,17 Denis Delic,17 Christian Thoma,17 and Johann E. Gudjonsson18
1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, United States of America
2Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
3Clinical Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
4Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
5Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
6Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
7Dermatology Centre; and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust & Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
8Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
9Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine and Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, United States of America
10School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
11School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
12Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, United States of America
13Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
14St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
15Department of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
16Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
17Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
18Department of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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Published July 1, 2025 - More info
Copyright © 2025, Krueger et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Copyright © 2025 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)