(A) Representative image displaying optic fiber position above GCaMP6-expressing LS^GLP-1R neurons. Scale bar: 200 μm. (B) Raw trace illustrating real-time Ca²⁺ dynamics within dLS^GLP-1R neurons of freely ambulating (moving) mice engaged in feeding. (C) Schematic diagram representing the food deprivation protocol used. (D and E) Comprehensive heatmaps (top) and per-animal stacked plots (bottom) depicting average GCaMP6 responses within dLS^GLP-1R neurons, synchronized to the first and last bites during bouts of consumption across various food types (standard chow, high-sucrose, or high-fat) in individually fasted subjects (n = 10 animals). (F) Calculation of the valley and area under the curve (AUC) for GCaMP6 signals in individual subjects, assessed within a 10-second window immediately after the first bite. (G) Schematic illustration of the satiety protocol. (H and I) Heatmaps (top) and mean traces of GCaMP6 signals (bottom) from dLS^GLP-1R neurons, correlating with the commencement (H) and cessation (I) of high-fat food ingestion in both fasted and sated mice (n = 7 animals). (J) Quantitative examination of the valley and AUC z scores associated with consumption-induced Ca²⁺ responses within dLS^GLP-1R neurons across fasted and sated mice. (K) Stacked trace of dLS^GLP-1R-GCaMP6 signals, aligned to the first bite during the initial third and the concluding third of bouts in mice, analyzed under both fasted and fed states (n = 7 animals). (L) Comparative analysis of the valley of dLS^GLP-1R-GCaMP6 signals between initial and final feeding stages. (M) Stacked plot showcasing the response of dLS^GLP-1R-GCaMP6 when fasted mice engaged in exploratory actions (n = 7 animals). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.