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ResearchIn-Press PreviewImmunologyOncology Open Access | 10.1172/JCI166070

Tumor-activated lymph node fibroblasts suppress T cell function in diffuse large B cell lymphoma

Benedetta Apollonio,1 Filomena Spada,2 Nedyalko Petrov,2 Domenico Cozzetto,3 Despoina Papazoglou,1 Peter Jarvis,1 Shichina Kannambath,4 Manuela Terranova-Barberio,2 Rose-Marie Amini,5 Gunilla Enblad,5 Charlotte E. Graham,1 Reuben Benjamin,1 Elizabeth H. Phillips,1 Richard J. Ellis,2 Rosamond Nuamah,4 Mansoor Saqi,3 Dinis P. Calado,6 Richard Rosenquist,7 Lesley A. Sutton,7 Jonathan R. Salisbury,8 Georgios Zacharioudakis,9 Anna Vardi,10 Patrick R. Hagner,11 Anita K. Gandhi,12 Marina Bacac,13 Christina Claus,13 Pablo Umana,13 Ruth F. Jarrett,14 Christian Klein,13 Alexander J.A. Deutsch,15 and Alan G. Ramsay16

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Apollonio, B. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Spada, F. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Petrov, N. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Cozzetto, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Papazoglou, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Jarvis, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Kannambath, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Terranova-Barberio, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Amini, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Enblad, G. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Graham, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Benjamin, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Phillips, E. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Ellis, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Nuamah, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Saqi, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Calado, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Find articles by Rosenquist, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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1School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

2BRC Advanced Cytometry Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

3BRC Translational Bioinformatics, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

4BRC Genomics Research Platform, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom

5Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

6Immunity & Cancer Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

7Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

8Department of Haematology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

95th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

10Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

11Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

12Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, United States of America

13Department of Oncology Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

14MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

15Division of Hematology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria

16School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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Published May 23, 2023 - More info

J Clin Invest. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI166070.
Copyright © 2023, Apollonio et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published May 23, 2023 - Version history
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Abstract

Recent transcriptomic-based analysis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has highlighted the clinical relevance of lymph node (LN) fibroblast and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) signatures within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the immunomodulatory role of fibroblasts in lymphoma remains unclear. Here, by studying human and mouse DLBCL-LNs, we identify the presence of an aberrantly remodeled fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network, expressing elevated fibroblast activated protein (FAP). RNA-sequencing analyses reveal that exposure to DLBCL reprograms key immunoregulatory pathways in FRCs, including a switch from homeostatic to inflammatory chemokine expression and elevated antigen presentation molecules. Functional assays show that DLBCL-activated FRCs (DLBCL-FRCs) hinder optimal TIL and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) migration. Moreover, DLBCL-FRCs inhibited CD8+ TIL cytotoxicity in an antigen-specific manner. Notably, the interrogation of patient LNs with imaging mass cytometry identified distinct environments differing in their CD8+ TIL-FRC composition and spatial organization that associated with survival outcomes. We further demonstrate the potential to target inhibitory FRCs to rejuvenate interacting TILs. Co-treating organotypic cultures with FAP-targeted immunostimulatory drugs and a bispecific antibody (glofitamab) augmented anti-lymphoma TIL cytotoxicity. Together, our study reveals an immunosuppressive role of FRCs in DLBCL, with implications for immune evasion, disease pathogenesis and optimizing immunotherapy for patients.

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Copyright © 2023 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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