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Temporal manipulation of Cdkl5 reveals essential postdevelopmental functions and reversible CDKL5 deficiency disorder–related deficits
Barbara Terzic, M. Felicia Davatolhagh, Yugong Ho, Sheng Tang, Yu-Ting Liu, Zijie Xia, Yue Cui, Marc V. Fuccillo, Zhaolan Zhou
Barbara Terzic, M. Felicia Davatolhagh, Yugong Ho, Sheng Tang, Yu-Ting Liu, Zijie Xia, Yue Cui, Marc V. Fuccillo, Zhaolan Zhou
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Research Article Development Neuroscience

Temporal manipulation of Cdkl5 reveals essential postdevelopmental functions and reversible CDKL5 deficiency disorder–related deficits

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Abstract

CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is an early onset, neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with pathogenic variants in the X-linked gene encoding cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5). CDKL5 has been implicated in neuronal synapse maturation, yet its postdevelopmental necessity and the reversibility of CDD-associated impairments remain unknown. We temporally manipulated endogenous Cdkl5 expression in male mice and found that postdevelopmental loss of CDKL5 disrupts numerous behavioral domains, hippocampal circuit communication, and dendritic spine morphology, demonstrating an indispensable role for CDKL5 in the adult brain. Accordingly, restoration of Cdkl5 after the early stages of brain development using a conditional rescue mouse model ameliorated CDD-related behavioral impairments and aberrant NMDA receptor signaling. These findings highlight the requirement of CDKL5 beyond early development, underscore the potential for disease reversal in CDD, and suggest that a broad therapeutic time window exists for potential treatment of CDD-related deficits.

Authors

Barbara Terzic, M. Felicia Davatolhagh, Yugong Ho, Sheng Tang, Yu-Ting Liu, Zijie Xia, Yue Cui, Marc V. Fuccillo, Zhaolan Zhou

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Figure 2

Postdevelopmental loss of Cdkl5 disrupts hippocampal ERPs and dendritic spine morphology.

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Postdevelopmental loss of Cdkl5 disrupts hippocampal ERPs and dendritic ...
(A) Top: grand-average hippocampal CA1 ERP wave form following presentation of auditory stimuli in Cdkl5fl/Y; +/+ (floxed; gray) and Cdkl5fl/Y:CreER/+ (AKO; purple) mice. Traces represent mean amplitude ± SEM. Characteristic polarity peaks P1, N1, and P2 in floxed control are labeled. Scale bars: 100 ms (horizontal); 20 mV (vertical). Bottom: quantification of the amplitude and latency of ERP P1, N1, and P2 peaks (unpaired, 2-tailed t test). (B) Time-frequency plots showing changes in event-related power (left) and PLF (right) following auditory stimulus with no alterations in baseline EEG power. Color represents mean power/PLF, where warmer colors correspond to increased power/PLF and cooler colors correspond to decreased power/PLF relative to prestimulus baseline. (C) Changes in event-related mean power (top) and PLF (bottom) averaged across δ (2–4 Hz), θ (4–8 Hz), α (8–12 Hz), β (12–30 Hz), γlow (30–50 Hz), and γhigh (70–140 Hz) oscillation frequencies demonstrate a selective disruption of power and phase locking in the low-frequency oscillations in AKO mice over floxed littermate controls (unpaired, 2-tailed t test). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. n = 7 floxed and n = 7 AKO for all ERP experiments. (D) Cdkl5fl/Y:CreER/+; Thy1-GFPm/+ (AKO) mice show no significant change in spine density on either basal or (H) apical dendritic arbors of CA1 pyramidal neurons compared with Cdkl5fl/Y; +/+; Thy1-GFPm/+ (floxed) littermate controls. AKO neurons have increased spine length compared with floxed littermate control neurons on both (E) basal and (I) apical dendritic arbors. Spine head diameter (F, basal; J, apical) and spine volume (G, basal; K, apical) were not significantly different between AKO and floxed neurons. For all spine analyses, basal, n = 22 cells/8 mice for floxed, n = 30 cells/7 mice for AKO; apical, n = 25 cells/8 mice for floxed, n = 36 cells/7 mice for AKO. Linear mixed effects analysis. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

Copyright © 2025 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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