The multifaceted nature of HIV latency
Caroline Dufour,1 Pierre Gantner,1 Rémi Fromentin,2 and Nicolas Chomont1,2
1Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology and
2Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Address correspondence to: Nicolas Chomont, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, R09-430, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada. Phone: 514.890.8000 ext. 31266; Email: nicolas.chomont@umontreal.ca.
Authorship note: CD and PG contributed equally.
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1Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology and
2Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Address correspondence to: Nicolas Chomont, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, R09-430, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada. Phone: 514.890.8000 ext. 31266; Email: nicolas.chomont@umontreal.ca.
Authorship note: CD and PG contributed equally.
Find articles by Gantner, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology and
2Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Address correspondence to: Nicolas Chomont, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, R09-430, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada. Phone: 514.890.8000 ext. 31266; Email: nicolas.chomont@umontreal.ca.
Authorship note: CD and PG contributed equally.
Find articles by Fromentin, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology and
2Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Address correspondence to: Nicolas Chomont, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, R09-430, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada. Phone: 514.890.8000 ext. 31266; Email: nicolas.chomont@umontreal.ca.
Authorship note: CD and PG contributed equally.
Find articles by
Chomont, N.
in:
JCI
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PubMed
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Google Scholar
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First published July 1, 2020 - More info
J Clin Invest. 2020;130(7):3381–3390. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI136227.
© 2020 American Society for Clinical Investigation
Although antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) potently inhibit HIV replication, they do not eradicate the virus. HIV persists in cellular and anatomical reservoirs that show minimal decay during ART. A large number of studies conducted during the past 20 years have shown that HIV persists in a small pool of cells harboring integrated and replication-competent viral genomes. The majority of these cells do not produce viral particles and constitute what is referred to as the latent reservoir of HIV infection. Therefore, although HIV is not considered as a typical latent virus, it can establish a state of nonproductive infection under rare circumstances, particularly in memory CD4+ T cells, which represent the main barrier to HIV eradication. While it was originally thought that the pool of latently infected cells was largely composed of cells harboring transcriptionally silent genomes, recent evidence indicates that several blocks contribute to the nonproductive state of these cells. Here, we describe the virological and immunological factors that play a role in the establishment and persistence of the pool of latently infected cells and review the current approaches aimed at eliminating the latent HIV reservoir.
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ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)