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The role of macrophages in the resolution of inflammation
Satoshi Watanabe, … , Alexander V. Misharin, G.R. Scott Budinger
Satoshi Watanabe, … , Alexander V. Misharin, G.R. Scott Budinger
Published May 20, 2019
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2019;129(7):2619-2628. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI124615.
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Review Series

The role of macrophages in the resolution of inflammation

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Abstract

Macrophages are tissue-resident or infiltrated immune cells critical for innate immunity, normal tissue development, homeostasis, and repair of damaged tissue. Macrophage function is a sum of their ontogeny, the local environment in which they reside, and the type of injuries or pathogen to which they are exposed. In this Review, we discuss the role of macrophages in the restoration of tissue function after injury, highlighting important questions about how they respond to and modify the local microenvironment to restore homeostasis.

Authors

Satoshi Watanabe, Michael Alexander, Alexander V. Misharin, G.R. Scott Budinger

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Figure 1

Tissue-resident macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages play distinct roles in tissue injury and repair.

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Tissue-resident macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages play distin...
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) originate from the yolk sac and fetal liver during development and persist in many tissues via self-renewal. During homeostasis (left panel), TRMs clear apoptotic cells, proteins, and phospholipids and either clear or respond to toxins, particulates, and pathogens within the local microenvironment. Many TRMs are capable of maintaining themselves by local proliferation without the contribution of monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMs). TRMs produce a variety of factors that stimulate the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of immune cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and stem cells that facilitate tissue homeostasis. In response to tissue injury (middle panel), bone marrow–derived monocytes are recruited to the injured tissue, where they differentiate into MoMs. During injury, TRMs and MoMs play distinct roles; usually MoMs exhibit a more robust inflammatory response. During the resolution of injury (right panel), TRMs may die or expand through self-renewal and repopulate the niche. MoMs either undergo apoptosis or persist, sometimes gaining the capacity for self-renewal. Over time, the phenotypes of TRMs and MoMs become increasingly similar. Arrows indicate interactions with other cell types.
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