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Research Article Free access | 10.1172/JCI119717

Entrainment of the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin to meal timing.

D A Schoeller, L K Cella, M K Sinha, and J F Caro

Department of Human Nutrition and Nutritional Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Find articles by Schoeller, D. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Department of Human Nutrition and Nutritional Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Find articles by Cella, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Department of Human Nutrition and Nutritional Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Find articles by Sinha, M. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Department of Human Nutrition and Nutritional Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Find articles by Caro, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Published October 1, 1997 - More info

Published in Volume 100, Issue 7 on October 1, 1997
J Clin Invest. 1997;100(7):1882–1887. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI119717.
© 1997 The American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published October 1, 1997 - Version history
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Abstract

To identify the physiologic factor(s) that entrain the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin, leptin levels were measured hourly after changes in light/dark cycle, sleep/wake cycle, and meal timing. Four young male subjects were studied during each of two protocols, those being a simulated 12-h time zone shift and a 6.5-h meal shift. During the baseline day, plasma leptin demonstrated a strong diurnal rhythm with an amplitude of 21%, zenith at 2400 h, and nadir between 0900 and 1200 h. Acute sleep deprivation did not alter plasma leptin, but day/night reversal (time zone shift) caused a 12+/-2 h shift (P < 0.01) in the timing of the zenith and nadir. When meals were shifted 6.5 h without changing the light or sleep cycles, the plasma leptin rhythm was shifted by 5-7 h (P < 0.01). The phase change occurred rapidly when compared with changes in the diurnal rhythm of cortisol, suggesting that leptin levels are not acutely entrained to the circadian clock. The leptin rhythm was altered by meal timing in a manner very similar to the rhythm of de novo cholesterol synthesis. We conclude that the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin in young males is entrained to meal timing.

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