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Research Article Free access | 10.1172/JCI113159

Body composition, not body weight, is related to cardiovascular disease risk factors and sex hormone levels in men.

K R Segal, A Dunaif, B Gutin, J Albu, A Nyman, and F X Pi-Sunyer

Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.

Find articles by Segal, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.

Find articles by Dunaif, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.

Find articles by Gutin, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.

Find articles by Albu, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.

Find articles by Nyman, A. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029.

Find articles by Pi-Sunyer, F. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Published October 1, 1987 - More info

Published in Volume 80, Issue 4 on October 1, 1987
J Clin Invest. 1987;80(4):1050–1055. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI113159.
© 1987 The American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published October 1, 1987 - Version history
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Abstract

To clarify the independent relationships of obesity and overweight to cardiovascular disease risk factors and sex steroid levels, three age-matched groups of men were studied: (i) 8 normal weight men, less than 15% body fat, by hydrostatic weighing; (ii) 16 overweight, obese men, greater than 25% body fat and 135-160% of ideal body weight (IBW); and (iii) 8 overweight, lean men, 135-160% IBW, but less than 15% fat. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly greater for the obese (mean +/- SEM, 82 +/- 2 mmHg) than the normal (71 +/- 2) and overweight lean (72 +/- 2) groups, as were low density lipoprotein levels (131 +/- 9 vs. 98 + 11 and 98 + 14 mg/dl), the ratio of high density lipoprotein to total cholesterol (0.207 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.308 +/- 0.03 and 0.302 +/- 0.03), fasting plasma insulin (22 +/- 3 vs. 12 +/- 1 and 13 +/- 2 microU/ml), and the estradiol/testosterone ratio (0.076 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.042 +/- 0.02 and 0.052 +/- 0.02); P less than 0.05. Estradiol was 25% greater for the overweight lean group (40 +/- 5 pg/ml) than the obese (30 +/- 3 pg/ml) and normal groups (29 +/- 2 pg/ml), P = 0.08, whereas total testosterone was significantly lower in the obese (499 +/- 33 ng/dl) compared with the normal and overweight, lean groups (759 +/- 98 and 797 +/- 82 ng/dl). Estradiol was uncorrelated with risk factors and the estradiol/testosterone ratio appeared to be a function of the reduced testosterone levels in obesity, not independently correlated with lipid levels after adjustment for body fat content. Furthermore, no risk factors were significantly different between the normal and overweight lean groups. We conclude that (a) body composition, rather than body weight per se, is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk factors; and (b) sex steroid alterations are related to body composition and are not an independent cardiovascular disease risk factor.

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