Fructose metabolism and metabolic disease
Sarah A. Hannou, Danielle E. Haslam, Nicola M. McKeown, Mark A. Herman
Sarah A. Hannou, Danielle E. Haslam, Nicola M. McKeown, Mark A. Herman
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Fructose metabolism and metabolic disease

Abstract

Increased sugar consumption is increasingly considered to be a contributor to the worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes and their associated cardiometabolic risks. As a result of its unique metabolic properties, the fructose component of sugar may be particularly harmful. Diets high in fructose can rapidly produce all of the key features of the metabolic syndrome. Here we review the biology of fructose metabolism as well as potential mechanisms by which excessive fructose consumption may contribute to cardiometabolic disease.

Authors

Sarah A. Hannou, Danielle E. Haslam, Nicola M. McKeown, Mark A. Herman

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Figure 2

Fructose-induced gene expression programs.

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Fructose-induced gene expression programs. Fructose metabolism activates...
Fructose metabolism activates transcription factors including ChREBP and SREBP1c and their coactivator PGC1β to coordinately regulate gene expression of metabolic enzymes that contribute to fructolysis, glycolysis, lipogenesis, and glucose production. These metabolic pathways contribute to steatosis, VLDL packaging and secretion, as well as glucose production and the generation of lipid intermediates that may affect hepatic insulin sensitivity and other biological processes. ACACA, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α; FASN, fatty acid synthase; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases; AGPAT, acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; DGAT, diacylglycerol acyltransferase; DAG, diacylglycerol.