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Notch signaling suppresses glucose metabolism in mesenchymal progenitors to restrict osteoblast differentiation
Seung-Yon Lee, Fanxin Long
Seung-Yon Lee, Fanxin Long
Published October 4, 2018
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2018;128(12):5573-5586. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI96221.
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Research Article Bone Biology

Notch signaling suppresses glucose metabolism in mesenchymal progenitors to restrict osteoblast differentiation

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Abstract

Notch signaling critically controls cell fate decisions in mammals, both during embryogenesis and in adults. In the skeleton, Notch suppresses osteoblast differentiation and sustains bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors during postnatal life. Stabilizing mutations of Notch2 cause Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, which is characterized by early-onset osteoporosis in humans, but the mechanism whereby Notch inhibits bone accretion is not fully understood. Here, we report that activation of Notch signaling by either Jagged1 or the Notch2 intracellular domain suppresses glucose metabolism and osteoblast differentiation in primary cultures of bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors. Importantly, deletion of Notch2 in the limb mesenchyme increases both glycolysis and bone formation in the long bones of postnatal mice, whereas pharmacological reduction of glycolysis abrogates excessive bone formation. Mechanistically, Notch reduces the expression of glycolytic and mitochondrial complex I genes, resulting in a decrease in mitochondrial respiration, superoxide production, and AMPK activity. Forced activation of AMPK restores glycolysis in the face of Notch signaling. Thus, suppression of glucose metabolism contributes to the mechanism, whereby Notch restricts osteoblastogenesis from bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors.

Authors

Seung-Yon Lee, Fanxin Long

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Figure 3

Notch2 signaling suppresses glycolysis in ST2 cells.

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Notch2 signaling suppresses glycolysis in ST2 cells.
(A) Glucose consump...
(A) Glucose consumption and lactate production by GFP-ST2 or NICD2-ST2 cells treated with vehicle or Dox for 48 hours. n = 3. (B–D) Seahorse analyses of NICD2-ST2 cells treated with vehicle or Dox for 48 hours. n = 10. (E) Relative ATP levels in NICD2-ST2 cells treated with vehicle or Dox for 48 hours. n = 6. (F) Glucose uptake assays in NICD2-ST2 cells treated with vehicle or Dox for the indicated durations. n = 6. (G) Western blots of NICD2-ST2 cells treated with vehicle or Dox for the indicated durations. β-Actin was used for normalization and quantification (mean ± SD) was determined from 3 independent samples. After normalization to β-Actin, the levels in “-Dox” lanes were designated 1 and those in the “+Dox” lanes were further normalized. *P < 0.05, by 2-tailed Student’s t test (A and D–G).

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