Large-scale genome-wide analysis identifies genetic variants associated with cardiac structure and function

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Wild, P. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Felix, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Schillert, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Teumer, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Chen, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Leening, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Völker, U. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Großmann, V. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Brody, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Irvin, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Shah, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Pramana, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Lieb, W. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Schmidt, R. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Stanton, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Malzahn, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Smith, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Sundström, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Minelli, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Ruggiero, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Lyytikäinen, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Tiller, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Smith, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Monnereau, C. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Di Tullio, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Musani, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Morrison, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Pers, T. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁷Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁸Department of Cardiology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁴⁹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

⁵⁰Members of the CHARGE-Heart Failure Consortium are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁵¹Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁵²Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Bolzano, Italy – Affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁵³Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.

⁵⁴University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁵⁵Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

⁵⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁵⁷Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁵⁸Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁵⁹Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶⁰Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁶¹Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁶²Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

⁶³Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

⁶⁴KNHI investigators and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁶⁵University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Genetics, Hannover, Germany.

⁶⁶Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁷Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

⁶⁸Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

⁶⁹Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

⁷⁰Department of Cardiology, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁷¹Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

⁷³Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁴Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷⁵International Centre for Circulatory Health, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁶NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

⁷⁷Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

⁷⁸Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷⁹Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

⁸⁰DZHK, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

⁸¹Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸²Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸³Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.

⁸⁴Department of Medicine III, University Clinics Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

⁸⁵Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁶Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

⁸⁷Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.

⁸⁸Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

⁸⁹Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.

⁹⁰Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

⁹¹Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁹²Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁹³Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁹⁴Department of Neurology and

⁹⁵McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁶Departments of Public Health Sciences and Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

⁹⁷Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

⁹⁸Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

⁹⁹Department of Cardiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

¹⁰⁰UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and

¹⁰¹School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁰²IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.

¹⁰³Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹⁰⁴Inspectorate for Health Care, Utrecht, Netherlands.

¹⁰⁵Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

¹⁰⁶School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

¹⁰⁷Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

¹⁰⁸Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.

¹⁰⁹Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹¹⁰Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹¹Cardiovascular Engineering Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹³Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁴Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹¹⁵John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.

¹¹⁶Helios-Amperklinikum Dachau, Dachau, Germany.

¹¹⁷German Heart Institute Berlin DHZB, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.

¹¹⁸Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

¹¹⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

¹²⁰Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

¹²¹Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹²²Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹²⁴Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Address correspondence to: Philipp S. Wild, Center for Cardiology and Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Phone: 49.6131.17.7163; E-mail: philipp.wild@unimedizin-mainz.de. Or to: Janine F. Felix, Department of Epidemiology, room Na-2906, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. Phone: 31.10.70.43997; E-mail: j.felix@erasmusmc.nl. Or to: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Framingham Heart Study, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. Phone: 617.638.8080; E-mail: vasan@bu.edu. Or to: Marcus Dörr, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49.3834.86.80510; E-mail: mdoerr@uni-greifswald.de.

Authorship note: P.S. Wild, J.F. Felix, A. Schillert, and A. Teumer, as well as T. Zeller, R.S. Vasan, and M. Dörr, contributed equally to this work.

Find articles by Morley, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

¹Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, and

²Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

³DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany.

⁴Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

⁵Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.

⁶DZHK, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.

⁷Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁸DZHK, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

⁹Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁰Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

¹¹Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

¹²Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

¹³Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

¹⁴Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

¹⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁶Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

¹⁷Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.

¹⁸Blood Pressure Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

¹⁹Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

²⁰Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.

²¹Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

²²Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

²³Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

²⁴Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

²⁵Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy.

²⁶Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.

²⁷Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

²⁸Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.

²⁹Department of Cardiology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

³⁰Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³¹Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³²The Generation R Study Group and

³³Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

³⁴Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

³⁵Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.

³⁶Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

³⁷Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁸Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

³⁹Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴⁰Statens Serum Institut, Department of Epidemiology Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

⁴¹Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

⁴²Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

⁴³Members of the AortaGen Consortium and their affiliations are detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments.

⁴⁴Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁵Veteran’s Administration Hospital, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

⁴⁶National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.