Longitudinal study of living kidney donor glomerular dynamics after nephrectomy
Colin R. Lenihan, … , Bryan D. Myers, Jane C. Tan
Colin R. Lenihan, … , Bryan D. Myers, Jane C. Tan
Published March 2, 2015; First published February 17, 2015
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2015;125(3):1311-1318. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI78885.
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Clinical Medicine

Longitudinal study of living kidney donor glomerular dynamics after nephrectomy

Abstract

BACKGROUND. Over 5,000 living kidney donor nephrectomies are performed annually in the US. While the physiological changes that occur early after nephrectomy are well documented, less is known about the long-term glomerular dynamics in living donors.

METHODS. We enrolled 21 adult living kidney donors to undergo detailed long-term clinical, physiological, and radiological evaluation pre-, early post- (median, 0.8 years), and late post- (median, 6.3 years) donation. A morphometric analysis of glomeruli obtained during nephrectomy was performed in 19 subjects.

RESULTS. Donors showed parallel increases in single-kidney renal plasma flow (RPF), renocortical volume, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) early after the procedure, and these changes were sustained through to the late post-donation period. We used mathematical modeling to estimate the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf), which also increased early and then remained constant through the late post-donation study. Assuming that the filtration surface area (and hence, Kf) increased in proportion to renocortical volume after donation, we calculated that the 40% elevation in the single-kidney GFR observed after donation could be attributed exclusively to an increase in the Kf. The prevalence of hypertension in donors increased from 14% in the early post-donation period to 57% in the late post-donation period. No subjects exhibited elevated levels of albuminuria.

CONCLUSIONS. Adaptive hyperfiltration after donor nephrectomy is attributable to hyperperfusion and hypertrophy of the remaining glomeruli. Our findings point away from the development of glomerular hypertension following kidney donation.

TRIAL REGISTRATION. Not applicable.

FUNDING. NIH (R01DK064697 and K23DK087937); Astellas Pharma US; the John M. Sobrato Foundation; the Satellite Extramural Grant Foundation; and the American Society of Nephrology.

Authors

Colin R. Lenihan, Stephan Busque, Geraldine Derby, Kristina Blouch, Bryan D. Myers, Jane C. Tan

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Figure 1

Baseline clinical, physiological, and radiological parameters.

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Baseline clinical, physiological, and radiological parameters. (A) Singl...
(A) Single-kidney GFR measured pre-, early post-, and late post-kidney donation (n = 21). (B) Single kidney RPF measured pre-, early post-, and late post-kidney donation (n = 21). (C) Renocortical volume measured pre-, early post-, and late post-kidney donation (n = 12). (D) MAP measured pre-, early post-, and late post-kidney donation (n = 21). (E) Serum creatinine measured pre-, early post-, and late post-kidney donation (n = 21). (F) Serum albumin measured pre-, early post-, and late post-kidney donation (n = 21). (G) Percentage of single-kidney GFR change over time plotted separately for each individual (n = 21). (H) Percentage of RPF change over time plotted separately for each individual (n = 21). Statistical comparisons made using repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-test (B–F) or Friedman’s test with Dunn’s post-test (A). ***P < 0.001. In each plot, the boxes extend between the first and third quartiles, the line within the boxes represents the median value, and lower and upper whiskers extend between the minimum and maximum values.