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T cell signaling abnormalities contribute to aberrant immune cell function and autoimmunity
Vaishali R. Moulton, George C. Tsokos
Vaishali R. Moulton, George C. Tsokos
Published May 11, 2015
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2015;125(6):2220-2227. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI78087.
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Review Series

T cell signaling abnormalities contribute to aberrant immune cell function and autoimmunity

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Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype systemic autoimmune disease that results from a break in immune tolerance to self-antigens, leading to multi-organ destruction. Autoantibody deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in target organs such as kidneys and brain lead to complications of this disease. Dysregulation of cellular and humoral immune response elements, along with organ-defined molecular aberrations, form the basis of SLE pathogenesis. Aberrant T lymphocyte activation due to signaling abnormalities, linked to defective gene transcription and altered cytokine production, are important contributors to SLE pathophysiology. A better understanding of signaling and gene regulation defects in SLE T cells will lead to the identification of specific novel molecular targets and predictive biomarkers for therapy.

Authors

Vaishali R. Moulton, George C. Tsokos

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Figure 2

Role of serine threonine phosphatase PP2A in SLE T cell pathophysiology.

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Role of serine threonine phosphatase PP2A in SLE T cell pathophysiology....
PP2A dephosphorylates and activates SP1 to increase expression of CREMα, which enhances expression of IL-17 and represses expression of IL-2. IL-2 expression is increased by binding of phospho-CREB, which is also dephosphorylated/deactivated by PP2A. Phospho-CREB and phospho-CREMα both bind to the –180 bp position within the IL2 promoter; thus, the ratio of these proteins determine overall IL-2 expression. PP2A dephosphorylates and activates the transcriptional enhancer ELF1, which increase expression of CD3ζ and decreases expression of FcRγ.PP2A dephosphorylates MEK1/2 to block activity of the methyltransferase DNMT1, leading to hypomethylation and increased expression of CD70 and CD11a.

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ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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