Lymphangiogenic factors, mechanisms, and applications
Wei Zheng, … , Aleksanteri Aspelund, Kari Alitalo
Wei Zheng, … , Aleksanteri Aspelund, Kari Alitalo
Published March 3, 2014
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2014;124(3):878-887. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI71603.
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Review Series

Lymphangiogenic factors, mechanisms, and applications

Abstract

Lymphangiogenesis, the growth of lymphatic vessels, is essential in embryonic development. In adults, it is involved in many pathological processes such as lymphedema, inflammatory diseases, and tumor metastasis. Advances during the past decade have dramatically increased the knowledge of the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis, including the roles of transcription factors, lymphangiogenic growth factors and their receptors, and intercellular and intracellular signaling cascades. Strategies based on these mechanisms are being tested in the treatment of various human diseases such as cancer, lymphedema, and tissue allograft rejection. This Review summarizes the recent progress on lymphangiogenic mechanisms and their applications in disease treatment.

Authors

Wei Zheng, Aleksanteri Aspelund, Kari Alitalo

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Figure 2

Inhibition of tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and vessel remodeling.

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Inhibition of tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and vessel remodeling. VEG...
VEGFC/D is commonly produced by tumor cells and by inflammatory cells in tumors, and the resulting growth factor gradient induces the sprouting and growth of lymphatic vessels toward the tumor. Tumor-derived VEGFC/D also induces dilation, SMC remodeling, and increased pulsation of the collecting vessels. These tumor-induced processes can be attenuated by antibodies targeting the VEGFC/VEGFD/VEGFR3 signaling pathway. TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor.