Plasmacytoid dendritic cells lead the charge against tumors
Sonia Jiménez-Baranda, … , Inês Pires Silva, Nina Bhardwaj
Sonia Jiménez-Baranda, … , Inês Pires Silva, Nina Bhardwaj
Published January 17, 2012
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2012;122(2):481-484. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI61345.
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Commentary

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells lead the charge against tumors

Abstract

Imiquimod is a TLR agonist that is used as an antitumor agent, mainly against skin tumors. Its clinical benefits are well described in several studies; however, the mechanisms behind its antitumor effects are not completely understood. In this issue of the JCI, Drobits and colleagues demonstrate that topical application of imiquimod suppresses cutaneous melanoma by TLR7-dependent recruitment and transformation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells into killer cells; this occurs independently of conventional adaptive immune mechanisms.

Authors

Sonia Jiménez-Baranda, Inês Pires Silva, Nina Bhardwaj

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Figure 1

Mechanism of imiquimod-mediated tumor cell killing by pDCs.

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Mechanism of imiquimod-mediated tumor cell killing by pDCs. (i) Skin app...
(i) Skin application of imiquimod acts on mast cells through TLR7, inducing the secretion of CCL2. (ii) CD8α+ pDCs migrate to the skin toward CCL2 while at the same time being exposed to imiquimod. Imiquimod-stimulated pDCs produce high levels of type I IFNs, which have several effects. First (iii), in a paracrine loop, type I IFNs induce pDCs to kill tumor cells through upregulation of expression and/or secretion of cytolytic molecules such as TRAIL and granzyme B. Second (iv), type I IFNs induce on melanoma cells the expression of the receptor for TRAIL (DR5), which makes them susceptible to killing by TRAIL-expressing pDCs.