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Oncogenic Kras is required for both the initiation and maintenance of pancreatic cancer in mice
Meredith A. Collins, … , N. Volkan Adsay, Marina Pasca di Magliano
Meredith A. Collins, … , N. Volkan Adsay, Marina Pasca di Magliano
Published January 9, 2012
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2012;122(2):639-653. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI59227.
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Research Article Oncology

Oncogenic Kras is required for both the initiation and maintenance of pancreatic cancer in mice

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Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is almost invariably associated with mutations in the KRAS gene, most commonly KRASG12D, that result in a dominant-active form of the KRAS GTPase. However, how KRAS mutations promote pancreatic carcinogenesis is not fully understood, and whether oncogenic KRAS is required for the maintenance of pancreatic cancer has not been established. To address these questions, we generated two mouse models of pancreatic tumorigenesis: mice transgenic for inducible KrasG12D, which allows for inducible, pancreas-specific, and reversible expression of the oncogenic KrasG12D, with or without inactivation of one allele of the tumor suppressor gene p53. Here, we report that, early in tumorigenesis, induction of oncogenic KrasG12D reversibly altered normal epithelial differentiation following tissue damage, leading to precancerous lesions. Inactivation of KrasG12D in established precursor lesions and during progression to cancer led to regression of the lesions, indicating that KrasG12D was required for tumor cell survival. Strikingly, during all stages of carcinogenesis, KrasG12D upregulated Hedgehog signaling, inflammatory pathways, and several pathways known to mediate paracrine interactions between epithelial cells and their surrounding microenvironment, thus promoting formation and maintenance of the fibroinflammatory stroma that plays a pivotal role in pancreatic cancer. Our data establish that epithelial KrasG12D influences multiple cell types to drive pancreatic tumorigenesis and is essential for tumor maintenance. They also strongly support the notion that inhibiting KrasG12D, or its downstream effectors, could provide a new approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Authors

Meredith A. Collins, Filip Bednar, Yaqing Zhang, Jean-Christophe Brisset, Stefanie Galbán, Craig J. Galbán, Sabita Rakshit, Karen S. Flannagan, N. Volkan Adsay, Marina Pasca di Magliano

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Figure 1

The iKras* mouse model of pancreatic tumorigenesis.

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The iKras* mouse model of pancreatic tumorigenesis.
(A) Genetic makeup o...
(A) Genetic makeup of the iKras* model: p48-Cre;R26-rtTa-IRES-EGFP;TetO-KrasG12D. (B) Experimental design. Kras* expression was induced with doxy for 72 hours before 2 consecutive days of intraperitoneal cerulein injections to induce pancreatitis and neoplasia. n = 3–5 mice per time point. (C) H&E staining of wild-type murine pancreas. Scale bar: 50: μm. (D) H&E staining of iKras* murine pancreas 3 weeks after doxy induction of Kras*. Scale bar: 50 μm. (E) H&E staining of iKras* murine pancreas 3 and 5 weeks after induction of Kras* and cerulein injections. Scale bars: 50 μm. (F) H&E staining of iKras* of iKras* murine pancreas 2 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks after induction of Kras* and cerulein injections. Scale bar: 20 μm. (G) Gomori trichrome staining for interstitial collagen 2 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks after induction of Kras* and cerulein injections. Scale bar: 20 μm. (H) PAS staining for mucin accumulation 2 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks after induction of Kras* and cerulein injections. Scale bar: 20 μm.

Copyright © 2021 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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