The cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor US28 promotes intestinal neoplasia in transgenic mice
Gerold Bongers, … , Martine J. Smit, Sergio A. Lira
Gerold Bongers, … , Martine J. Smit, Sergio A. Lira
Published November 1, 2010; First published October 11, 2010
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2010;120(11):3969-3978. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI42563.
View: Text | PDF
Research Article Oncology

The cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor US28 promotes intestinal neoplasia in transgenic mice

Abstract

US28 is a constitutively active chemokine receptor encoded by CMV (also referred to as human herpesvirus 5), a highly prevalent human virus that infects a broad spectrum of cells, including intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). To study the role of US28 in vivo, we created transgenic mice (VS28 mice) in which US28 expression was targeted to IECs. Expression of US28 was detected in all IECs of the small and large intestine, including in cells expressing leucine rich repeat containing GPCR5 (Lgr5), a marker gene of intestinal epithelial stem cells. US28 expression in IECs inhibited glycogen synthase 3β (GSK-3β) function, promoted accumulation of β-catenin protein, and increased expression of Wnt target genes involved in the control of the cell proliferation. VS28 mice showed a hyperplastic intestinal epithelium and, strikingly, developed adenomas and adenocarcinomas by 40 weeks of age. When exposed to an inflammation-driven tumor model (azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate), VS28 mice developed a significantly higher tumor burden than control littermates. Transgenic coexpression of the US28 ligand CCL2 (an inflammatory chemokine) increased IEC proliferation as well as tumor burden, suggesting that the oncogenic activity of US28 can be modulated by inflammatory factors. Together, these results indicate that expression of US28 promotes development of intestinal dysplasia and cancer in transgenic mice and suggest that CMV infection may facilitate development of intestinal neoplasia in humans.

Authors

Gerold Bongers, David Maussang, Luciana R. Muniz, Vanessa M. Noriega, Alberto Fraile-Ramos, Nick Barker, Federica Marchesi, Nanthakumar Thirunarayanan, Henry F. Vischer, Lihui Qin, Lloyd Mayer, Noam Harpaz, Rob Leurs, Glaucia C. Furtado, Hans Clevers, Domenico Tortorella, Martine J. Smit, Sergio A. Lira

×

Figure 1

Expression of the US28 transgene in VS28 mice.

Options: View larger image (or click on image) Download as PowerPoint
Expression of the US28 transgene in VS28 mice. (A) Diagram of the VS...
(A) Diagram of the VS28 transgene. Expression of US28 is driven by the 9-kb mouse villin promoter (mVillin). (B) US28 mRNA expression in jejunum, ileum, and colon of WT, VS28L18, VS28L19, and VS28L36 mice. Values were standardized to ubiquitin. Results represent the mean ± SEM (n = 3–4). (C) Radioligand competition assay using [125I]-CCL5 on membranes of IECs isolated from of the small intestine (SI) or large intestine (LI) of WT or VS28L18 mice. Results are expressed as specific binding (SB) in disintegrations per minute (DPM) divided by total protein. Results represent the mean ± SEM (n = 3). *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs. WT. (D–G) Representative images of the jejunum (D and E) and colon (F and G) of WT (D and F) and VS28L19 (E and G) mice stained with US28 (red) and DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 50 μm (D and E); 25 μm (F and G).