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P14ARF inhibits human glioblastoma–induced angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of TIMP3
Abdessamad Zerrouqi, … , Daniel J. Brat, Erwin G. Van Meir
Abdessamad Zerrouqi, … , Daniel J. Brat, Erwin G. Van Meir
Published March 1, 2012
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2012;122(4):1283-1295. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI38596.
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Research Article Oncology

P14ARF inhibits human glioblastoma–induced angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of TIMP3

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Abstract

Malignant gliomas are the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumors in adults. Among malignant gliomas, 60%–80% show loss of P14ARF tumor suppressor activity due to somatic alterations of the INK4A/ARF genetic locus. The tumor suppressor activity of P14ARF is in part a result of its ability to prevent the degradation of P53 by binding to and sequestering HDM2. However, the subsequent finding of P14ARF loss in conjunction with TP53 gene loss in some tumors suggests the protein may have other P53-independent tumor suppressor functions. Here, we report what we believe to be a novel tumor suppressor function for P14ARF as an inhibitor of tumor-induced angiogenesis. We found that P14ARF mediates antiangiogenic effects by upregulating expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase–3 (TIMP3) in a P53-independent fashion. Mechanistically, this regulation occurred at the gene transcription level and was controlled by HDM2-SP1 interplay, where P14ARF relieved a dominant negative interaction of HDM2 with SP1. P14ARF-induced expression of TIMP3 inhibited endothelial cell migration and vessel formation in response to angiogenic stimuli produced by cancer cells. The discovery of this angiogenesis regulatory pathway may provide new insights into P53-independent P14ARF tumor-suppressive mechanisms that have implications for the development of novel therapies directed at tumors and other diseases characterized by vascular pathology.

Authors

Abdessamad Zerrouqi, Beata Pyrzynska, Maria Febbraio, Daniel J. Brat, Erwin G. Van Meir

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Figure 7

P14ARF regulates SP1/HDM2 interaction.

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P14ARF regulates SP1/HDM2 interaction.
Protein extracts from dox-treated...
Protein extracts from dox-treated A5 cells were immunoprecipitated with the indicated antibodies, followed by Western blotting. R, G, and M indicate rabbit, goat, and mouse, respectively, which were the source for the indicated antibodies. Asterisks indicate detection of IgGs by secondary antibody. (A) Co-IP showing the absence of P14ARF-SP1 interaction. (B) Co-IP verifying that P14ARF interacts with HDM2 in A5 glioma cells. P14ARF was immunoprecipitated with an anti-P14ARF antibody (C18). Input levels (right panels) for P14ARF were detected with an anti-HA tag (Y11R, R) antibody. (C) Co-IP assays demonstrating that P14ARF reduces HDM2-SP1 interaction. In the two left panels, immunoprecipitations with anti-HDM2 antibodies show that HDM2 interacts with SP1 and this interaction decreases when P14ARF is induced. This regulation is confirmed by reverse immunoprecipitation of HDM2-SP1 complexes with anti-SP1 antibody in the third panel. Western blotting of HDM2 and SP1 in the cell extracts (input) shows their expression is not affected by P14ARF induction (far right panel). Species-matched IgGs were used as controls. (D) Co-IP experiments showing that p19Arf silencing increases the endogenous Sp1-Mdm2 interaction. After siRNA silencing of p19Arf for 48 hours in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, nuclear (Nuc) and cytosolic (Cyt) extracts were used for co-IP. First and second panels: Co-IPs using anti-Mdm2 and anti-Sp1 antibodies demonstrate that Mdm2 binding to Sp1 is increased in the nuclear fraction upon p19Arf silencing. Third panel: The co-IP with anti-p19Arf antibody confirms p19Arf interaction with Mdm2 in the nucleus. Fourth panel: Input levels of Sp1, Mdm2, and p19Arf in nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts.

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