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Abstract
Recent data underscore the importance of intertissue communication in the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis. Important signals are conveyed by hormones, cytokines, and fuel substrates and are sensed through a variety of cellular mechanisms. The ability of tissues to sense and adapt to changes in metabolic status and fuel availability is altered in insulin-resistant states including type 2 diabetes. Here we review the roles of glucose and its metabolites as signaling molecules and the diverse physiologic mechanisms for glucose sensing.
Authors
Mark A. Herman, Barbara B. Kahn
Figure 2
Intertissue glucose sensing and communication.
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Glucose is sensed in numerous tissues and cell types, including the hypothalamus, hepatocytes, the hepatoportal sensor, pancreatic islets, and possibly muscle and adipose tissue, each of which communicates with other tissues via hormones, neural pathways, or changes in the utilization of substrate. Pink lines represent neural mediated communication. Black lines represent glucose- or hormone-mediated communication.
Copyright © 2023 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)