Androgen-dependent pathology demonstrates myopathic contribution to the Kennedy disease phenotype in a mouse knock-in model
Zhigang Yu, … , Diane M. Robins, Andrew P. Lieberman
Zhigang Yu, … , Diane M. Robins, Andrew P. Lieberman
Published October 2, 2006
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2006;116(10):2663-2672. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI28773.
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Research Article Neuroscience

Androgen-dependent pathology demonstrates myopathic contribution to the Kennedy disease phenotype in a mouse knock-in model

Abstract

Kennedy disease, a degenerative disorder characterized by androgen-dependent neuromuscular weakness, is caused by a CAG/glutamine tract expansion in the androgen receptor (Ar) gene. We developed a mouse model of Kennedy disease, using gene targeting to convert mouse androgen receptor (AR) to human sequence while introducing 113 glutamines. AR113Q mice developed hormone and glutamine length–dependent neuromuscular weakness characterized by the early occurrence of myopathic and neurogenic skeletal muscle pathology and by the late development of neuronal intranuclear inclusions in spinal neurons. AR113Q males unexpectedly died at 2–4 months. We show that this androgen-dependent death reflects decreased expression of skeletal muscle chloride channel 1 (CLCN1) and the skeletal muscle sodium channel α-subunit, resulting in myotonic discharges in skeletal muscle of the lower urinary tract. AR113Q limb muscles show similar myopathic features and express decreased levels of mRNAs encoding neurotrophin-4 and glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor. These data define an important myopathic contribution to the Kennedy disease phenotype and suggest a role for muscle in non–cell autonomous toxicity of lower motor neurons.

Authors

Zhigang Yu, Nahid Dadgar, Megan Albertelli, Kirsten Gruis, Cynthia Jordan, Diane M. Robins, Andrew P. Lieberman

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Figure 2

Neuromuscular pathology in AR113Q male mice.

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Neuromuscular pathology in AR113Q male mice. (A) Grouped atrophic, angul...
(A) Grouped atrophic, angulated fibers (upper left) and marked variation in fiber size and internally placed nuclei (upper right) are present in hind-limb skeletal muscle of AR113Q males. Magnification, ×400 (upper left); ×1000 (upper right). AR (lower left) and ubiquitin (lower right) immunoreactive intranuclear inclusions are also present. Magnification, ×1000. (B) Relative myogenin, acetylcholine receptor α-subunit (AChRα), and MyoD mRNA expression levels in hind-limb muscle as determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Data are from WT (n = 8), AR113 (n = 8), and castrated WT males (C-WT) (n = 6) at 3–5 months and castrated AR113Q males at 18 months (n = 4). Results are reported as mean ± SD relative to expression of 18s rRNA. Expression levels of myogenin and acetylcholine receptor α-subunit mRNA in AR113Q muscle are significantly different from those in all other groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively, by ANOVA with the Neuman-Keuls multiple comparison test). Expression of MyoD mRNA in AR113Q and WT muscle is not significantly different. (C) Relative AR mRNA expression levels in hind-limb muscle of WT (n = 8) and AR113Q males (n = 8) at 3–5 months (P > 0.05). (D) AR protein expression in skeletal muscle (top panel) and spinal cord (bottom panel) of WT (lanes 1 and 2) and AR113Q males (lanes 3 and 4) at 3–4 months detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blot. (E) Intranuclear inclusions in spinal cord and skeletal muscle of AR113Q mice at 24 months detected by immunohistochemistry for AR and expanded glutamine tract (1C2). Magnification, ×1000.