GM-CSF action in the CNS decreases food intake and body weight
Jacquelyn A. Reed, Deborah J. Clegg, Kathleen Blake Smith, Emeline G. Tolod-Richer, Emily K. Matter, Lara S. Picard, Randy J. Seeley
Jacquelyn A. Reed, Deborah J. Clegg, Kathleen Blake Smith, Emeline G. Tolod-Richer, Emily K. Matter, Lara S. Picard, Randy J. Seeley
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Research Article Metabolism

GM-CSF action in the CNS decreases food intake and body weight

Abstract

Many proinflammatory cytokines, such as leptin, play key roles in dynamic regulation of energy expenditure and food intake. The present work tested a role for the proinflammatory cytokine GM-CSF. Central but not peripheral administration of GM-CSF to adult rats significantly decreased food intake and body weight for at least 48 hours. Similar results were observed following central administration of GM-CSF in mice. GM-CSF receptor immunoreactivity was found on neurons within the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus. GM-CSF–deficient (GM–/–) mice weighed more and had significantly higher total body fat than wild-type (GM+/+) mice. Energy expenditure in GM–/– mice was decreased compared with that in GM+/+ mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that GM-CSF signaling in the CNS can regulate energy homeostasis.

Authors

Jacquelyn A. Reed, Deborah J. Clegg, Kathleen Blake Smith, Emeline G. Tolod-Richer, Emily K. Matter, Lara S. Picard, Randy J. Seeley

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Food intake, energy expenditure, and activity. Average daily food intake...
Food intake, energy expenditure, and activity. Average daily food intake was slightly increased in GM–/– male mice (A) but was slightly lower in female GM–/– mice (B), compared with GM+/+ mice. VO2, measured by indirect calorimetry, was decreased in male (C) and female (D) GM–/– mice compared with GM+/+ mice. Area under the curve (AUC) was significantly decreased for both male (C, inset) and female (D, inset) GM–/– mice. Activity of male GM–/– and GM+/+ mice was monitored for a 24-hour period using video equipment. (F) Time spent performing various activities did not differ between male GM–/– and GM+/+ mice; however, the total distance traveled over the 24-hour period was greater for GM–/– mice than for GM+/+ controls. *P < 0.05; n = 7–11; mean ± SEM.