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ResearchIn-Press PreviewGeneticsNeuroscience
Open Access | 
10.1172/JCI177430
Neuraminidase 1 secondary deficiency contributes to CNS pathology in neurological mucopolysaccharidoses via brain proteins hypersialylation
TianMeng Xu,1 Rachel Heon-Roberts,1 Travis Moore,1 Patricia Dubot,2 Xuefang Pan,2 Tianlin Guo,3 Christopher W. Cairo,4 Rebecca J. Holley,5 Brian Bigger,6 Thomas M. Durcan,7 Thierry Levade,8 Jerôme Ausseil,8 Bénédicte Amilhon,2 Alexei Gorelik,9 Bhushan Nagar,9 Shaukat Khan,10 Shunji Tomatsu,10 Luisa Sturiale,11 Angelo Palmigiano,12 Iris Röckle,13 Hauke Thiesler,13 Herbert Hildebrandt,13 Domenico Garozzo,12 and Alexey V. Pshezhetsky14
1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
2Department of Paediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
3Department of Chemistry, University Of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
4Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
5Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
6Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
7The Neuro's Early Drug Discovery Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
8IPBS CNRS UMR5089/ University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
9Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
10Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, United States of America
11CNR - Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
12CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Catania, Italy
13Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
14Department of Paediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
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Published June 20, 2025 - More info
Copyright © 2025, Xu et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Copyright © 2025 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)