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Nitric oxide in vascular biology: elegance in complexity
Joseph Loscalzo
Joseph Loscalzo
Published February 15, 2024
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2024;134(4):e176747. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI176747.
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100th Anniversary Viewpoints

Nitric oxide in vascular biology: elegance in complexity

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Abstract

Authors

Joseph Loscalzo

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Figure 1

Biochemical reactions involving NO contribute to metabolic outcomes in the vasculature.

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Biochemical reactions involving NO contribute to metabolic outcomes in t...
The interaction between reactive NO and heme iron or other interactants provide molecular sources for many biochemical processes and functional effects in mammals. One example includes the activation of guanylyl cyclase by the nitrosyl-heme prosthetic group, resulting in vasodilation. Notably, nitroglycerin yields NO, which results in vasodilation. DNICs, generated within cells, may also act as nitrosating intermediates with involvement in vascular signaling. In combination with superoxide, NO forms peroxynitrite, which may serve as an oxidizing substrate. Other effectors of vascular function include nitrite and nitrate, which affect vasodilation, platelet function, and angiogenesis. Low-molecular-weight S-nitrosothiols, via NO+, also provide a source for protein modifications that promote effects such as vasodilation and platelet inhibition. RSH, sulfhydryl species.

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