(A and B) The object-context discrimination test was used to assess pattern separation memory (n = 10–12 mice/group). (A) During the sample phase, the mean proportion of time that mice spent exploring 2 identical objects in each context was calculated (X1 and X2 in Context 1, or Y1 and Y2 in Context 2). (B) Mean percent time spent exploring the incongruent and congruent objects in both contexts for each group was analyzed during the test phase of the object-context discrimination test (*P < 0.05, paired Student’s t test). (C) Graphs of the mean percentage of spontaneous alternations completed by the mice in the Y-maze within 5 minutes (left) and the average number of total Y-maze arm entries made by the mice (right) (n = 11–13 mice/group; *P < 0.05, 1-way ANOVA, Bonferonni post hoc analyses). (D–F) Mice were tested for spatial learning and memory in the MWM (n = 11–13 mice/group). (D) The mean distance traveled to the hidden platform and the average swim velocity were measured during hidden platform training (P > 0.05, repeated measures 2-way ANOVA). (E) Representative swim paths of mice during the probe trials for spatial memory testing performed at 24 hours and 7 days after hidden platform training. (F) Graphs of the mean percent time spent in the target quadrant compared with the average time spent in the other quadrants in the 24 hour (left) and 7-day (right) probe trials. Comparisons between target quadrant and other quadrants were analyzed for both the first 20 second and the total 60 second period of the probe trial for all mice (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, paired Student’s t test). The dotted line marks the 25% chance level. Values are given as means ± SEM.