Dietary interventions for obesity: clinical and mechanistic findings
Ariana M. Chao,1,2 Kerry M. Quigley,2 and Thomas A. Wadden2
1University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
2Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Address correspondence to: Ariana M. Chao, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 3535 Market Street, Suite 3108, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. Phone: 215.746.7183; Email: arichao@nursing.upenn.edu.
Find articles by
Chao, A.
in:
JCI
|
PubMed
|
Google Scholar
|
1University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
2Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Address correspondence to: Ariana M. Chao, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 3535 Market Street, Suite 3108, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. Phone: 215.746.7183; Email: arichao@nursing.upenn.edu.
Find articles by Quigley, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
2Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Address correspondence to: Ariana M. Chao, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 3535 Market Street, Suite 3108, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. Phone: 215.746.7183; Email: arichao@nursing.upenn.edu.
Find articles by Wadden, T. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Published January 4, 2021 - More info
J Clin Invest. 2021;131(1):e140065. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI140065.
© 2021 American Society for Clinical Investigation
Dietary modification is central to obesity treatment. Weight loss diets are available that include various permutations of energy restriction, macronutrients, foods, and dietary intake patterns. Caloric restriction is the common pathway for weight reduction, but different diets may induce weight loss by varied additional mechanisms, including by facilitating dietary adherence. This narrative Review of meta-analyses and select clinical trials found that lower-calorie diets, compared with higher-calorie regimens, reliably induced larger short-term (<6 months) weight losses, with deterioration of this benefit over the long term (>12 months). Few significant long-term differences in weight loss were observed for diets of varying macronutrient composition, although some regimens were found to have short-term advantages (e.g., low carbohydrate versus low fat). Progress in improving dietary adherence, which is critical to both short- and long-term weight loss, could result from greater efforts to identify behavioral and metabolic phenotypes among dieters.
- Purchase this article
- $10
- Purchasing this article will give you full access for the calendar year.
- Purchase Site Pass
- $25
- This will give you access to every article on the site for 24 hours.
- Online subscription
- $95
- Individual online subscriptions give you full online access for the calendar year.
- Individual online subscriptions ordered from September 1st on will receive access for the remainder of current year as well as for the full following year subscription term.
- JCI This Month subscription
- $135
- JCI This Month is a 16- to 20-page overview of the articles published each month
- Subscribing to JCI This Month also gives subscribers full online access for the calendar year.
- *Price outside U.S. and Canada: $195.
Copyright © 2021 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)